{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414603568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3615678","title":"Semi-Contention-Free Access in IoT NOMA Networks: A Reinforcement Learning Framework","display_name":"Semi-Contention-Free Access in IoT NOMA Networks: A Reinforcement Learning Framework","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414603568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3615678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3615678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3615678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.09422","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075724016","display_name":"Abhishek Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1854-4842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1854-4842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039532038","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 R. Vidal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7137-1349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317635190","display_name":"Valve (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020esap58","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317635190"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n Vidal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Comunicaciones, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), València, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7137-1349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Comunicaciones, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), València, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317635190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000077633","display_name":"Jorge Mart\u00ednez-Bauset","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3342-3037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317635190","display_name":"Valve (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020esap58","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317635190"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Martinez-Bauset","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Comunicaciones, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), València, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3342-3037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Comunicaciones, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), València, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317635190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102716978","display_name":"Frank Y. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-6211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Y. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-6211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075724016"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24854023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"12","first_page":"14413","last_page":"14429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.659600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6123999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5260999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4812999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.3889000117778778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7231000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.659600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6287999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6123999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5260999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5227000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4812999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51332947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172305","display_name":"Shared resource","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204673680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628107","display_name":"Airfield traffic pattern","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3615678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3615678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2601.09422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09422","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.09422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2601.09422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09422","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.09422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G69603947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328040","funder_display_name":"EEA Grants/Norway Grants"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8536067382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-123168NB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328040","display_name":"EEA Grants/Norway Grants","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414603568.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414603568.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,101,127],"unprecedented":[1],"surge":[2],"of":[3,6,97,147,166,183],"massive":[4],"Internet":[5],"things":[7],"(mIoT)":[8],"traffic":[9,96,190],"in":[10,45,61,70,164],"beyond":[11],"fifth":[12],"generation":[13],"(B5G)":[14],"communication":[15],"systems":[16],"calls":[17],"for":[18,21,42,87],"transformative":[19],"approaches":[20],"multiple":[22,76,90],"access":[23,77,91,105,131,173],"and":[24,37,78,111,133,168,175,181,189],"data":[25,79,99,152],"transmission.":[26],"While":[27],"classical":[28],"model-based":[29],"tools":[30],"have":[31],"been":[32],"proven":[33],"to":[34,93,108,144],"be":[35],"powerful":[36],"precise,":[38],"an":[39,55],"imminent":[40],"trend":[41],"resource":[43,136],"management":[44],"B5G":[46],"networks":[47,92],"is":[48],"promoting":[49],"solutions":[50],"towards":[51],"data-driven":[52],"design.":[53],"Considering":[54],"IoT":[56],"network":[57,187],"with":[58,113,155],"devices":[59,148],"spread":[60],"clusters":[62],"covered":[63],"by":[64,83,138],"a":[65,73,118,156],"base":[66,125,128],"station,":[67],"we":[68],"present":[69],"this":[71],"paper":[72],"novel":[74],"model-free":[75],"transmission":[80],"framework":[81,102,185],"empowered":[82],"reinforcement":[84],"learning,":[85],"designed":[86],"power-domain":[88],"non-orthogonal":[89],"facilitate":[94],"uplink":[95],"small":[98],"packets.":[100],"supports":[103],"two":[104,141],"modes":[106],"referred":[107],"as":[109,186],"contention-based":[110],"semi-contention-free,":[112],"its":[114],"core":[115],"component":[116],"being":[117],"policy":[119],"gradient":[120],"algorithm":[121],"executed":[122],"at":[123],"the":[124,179,184],"station.":[126],"station":[129],"performs":[130],"control":[132,142],"optimal":[134],"radio":[135],"allocation":[137],"periodically":[139],"broadcasting":[140],"parameters":[143],"each":[145],"cluster":[146,169],"that":[149],"considerably":[150],"reduce":[151],"detection":[153],"failures":[154],"minimum":[157],"computation":[158],"requirement":[159],"on":[160],"devices.":[161],"Numerical":[162],"results,":[163],"terms":[165],"system":[167],"throughput,":[170],"throughput":[171],"fairness,":[172],"delay,":[174],"energy":[176],"consumption,":[177],"demonstrate":[178],"efficiency":[180],"scalability":[182],"size":[188],"load":[191],"vary.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}