{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413822409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3604324","title":"AFLNet: Auxiliary Feature Learning-Guided Cross-Channel Automatic Modulation Classification","display_name":"AFLNet: Auxiliary Feature Learning-Guided Cross-Channel Automatic Modulation Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413822409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3604324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3604324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3604324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000801494","display_name":"Hantong Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-6077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hantong Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-6077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065660222","display_name":"Shuang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-1211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-1211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006526166","display_name":"Chenxu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6399-9675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6399-9675","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085893076","display_name":"Dou Quan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6943-4657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dou Quan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6943-4657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085725983","display_name":"Hanlin Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5155-8157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanlin Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5155-8157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114229265","display_name":"Luyang Mei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyang Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8715-4195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078159594","display_name":"Huaji Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-5589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaji Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Security, Jiaxing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-5589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Security, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050630882","display_name":"Licheng Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-9617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-9617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91515263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"12","first_page":"13519","last_page":"13534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.582790195941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5691790580749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5498936772346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4653196334838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.463418185710907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44643956422805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4452268183231354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.42624300718307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37273818254470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21699216961860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2161024808883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13478758931159973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.582790195941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5691790580749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5498936772346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4653196334838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.463418185710907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44643956422805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4452268183231354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42624300718307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37273818254470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21699216961860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2161024808883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13478758931159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3604324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3604324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1741041753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1836536549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271377","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3579604313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471385","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4584413591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5298892362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZD0110404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6792141703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZD0110400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6983301035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994070994","https://openalex.org/W2005956500","https://openalex.org/W2048654658","https://openalex.org/W2120019163","https://openalex.org/W2147893740","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2603396821","https://openalex.org/W2766252964","https://openalex.org/W2770645414","https://openalex.org/W2788768841","https://openalex.org/W2895281799","https://openalex.org/W2960629111","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2964285681","https://openalex.org/W2972285644","https://openalex.org/W2985406498","https://openalex.org/W2986381065","https://openalex.org/W3013997855","https://openalex.org/W3022121429","https://openalex.org/W3032977069","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3119635706","https://openalex.org/W3120804725","https://openalex.org/W3153147069","https://openalex.org/W3168231499","https://openalex.org/W3174232357","https://openalex.org/W3192693288","https://openalex.org/W3205116656","https://openalex.org/W4291221223","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4385603047","https://openalex.org/W4386047746","https://openalex.org/W4392667194","https://openalex.org/W4392939629","https://openalex.org/W4392940096","https://openalex.org/W4394862802","https://openalex.org/W4399618503","https://openalex.org/W4400114807","https://openalex.org/W4400905252","https://openalex.org/W4402626954","https://openalex.org/W4402742635","https://openalex.org/W4403918311","https://openalex.org/W4404307337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W2977677679","https://openalex.org/W1992327129","https://openalex.org/W2381986121","https://openalex.org/W2370918718","https://openalex.org/W1976985527","https://openalex.org/W2256933480","https://openalex.org/W2027854990","https://openalex.org/W2370081953","https://openalex.org/W2364428742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,78],"paper":[1],"conducted":[2],"a":[3,99],"thorough":[4],"investigation":[5],"into":[6],"the":[7,11,32,35,42,49,58,65,72,81,84,115,118,124,134],"primary":[8],"difficulty":[9,135],"of":[10,25,34,67,83,117,126,136,191],"cross-channel":[12,68],"automatic":[13],"modulation":[14],"classification":[15],"(AMC)":[16],"task":[17],"by":[18,179],"examining":[19],"data":[20],"distribution":[21],"and":[22,93,107,122,146,156,162],"feature":[23,38,86,110,120,137,148],"space":[24,39,87,121],"different":[26,130],"channel":[27,37,181],"conditions.":[28],"We":[29,170],"concluded":[30],"that":[31,184],"disruption":[33],"target":[36,85,119],"structure":[40,82],"breakdown":[41],"mapping":[43],"relationship":[44],"across":[45,129,175],"channels,":[46,131],"serving":[47],"as":[48],"main":[50],"contributor":[51],"to":[52,63,113,165,193],"model":[53],"performance":[54,66],"degradation.":[55],"Based":[56],"on":[57],"above":[59],"conclusion,":[60],"in":[61,159],"order":[62],"improve":[64],"AMC,":[69],"we":[70],"introduce":[71],"Auxiliary":[73],"Feature":[74],"Learning-Guided":[75],"Network":[76],"(AFLNet).":[77],"network":[79],"improves":[80],"through":[88],"two":[89],"uniquely":[90],"designed":[91],"tasks":[92,112],"facilitates":[94],"efficient":[95],"cross-domain":[96],"alignment":[97,101,141,149,161,164,168],"via":[98],"collaborative":[100,140],"mechanism.":[102],"Specifically,":[103],"AFLNet":[104,185],"integrates":[105],"similarity-based":[106],"confidence-based":[108],"auxiliary":[109],"learning":[111],"enhance":[114,166],"discriminability":[116],"maintain":[123],"correspondence":[125],"category":[127],"structures":[128],"thereby":[132],"reducing":[133],"alignment.":[138],"The":[139],"mechanism":[142],"combines":[143],"adversarial":[144],"training-based":[145],"self-training-based":[147],"methods,":[150],"leveraging":[151],"their":[152],"mutually":[153],"reinforcing":[154],"effect":[155],"complementary":[157],"strengths":[158],"global":[160],"class-level":[163],"overall":[167],"performance.":[169],"carried":[171],"out":[172],"extensive":[173],"experiments":[174],"four":[176],"scenarios":[177],"characterized":[178],"substantial":[180],"variations,":[182],"verifying":[183],"achieves":[186],"state-of-the-art":[187],"with":[188],"accuracy":[189],"improvement":[190],"up":[192],"9.71%.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}