{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413212907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3597658","title":"A Two-Stage Soft-Decision Decoding Algorithm for BCH Codes","display_name":"A Two-Stage Soft-Decision Decoding Algorithm for BCH Codes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413212907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3597658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3597658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3597658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036629344","display_name":"Qianfan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-3043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qianfan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-3043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383453","display_name":"Yiwen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9245-7707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9245-7707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067599426","display_name":"Jifan Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6022-379X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jifan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6022-379X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035185924","display_name":"Linqi Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-4984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linqi Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-4984","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057620799","display_name":"Xiao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-1978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-1978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036629344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1998,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88877461,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"12","first_page":"12979","last_page":"12992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9235000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9235000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bch-code","display_name":"BCH code","score":0.9483346939086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/berlekamp\u2013welch-algorithm","display_name":"Berlekamp\u2013Welch algorithm","score":0.7560999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6830987334251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6063780188560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5935342907905579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/list-decoding","display_name":"List decoding","score":0.49091511964797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-decoding","display_name":"Sequential decoding","score":0.4762166440486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.26808613538742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.19848912954330444}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42276685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795705","display_name":"BCH code","level":3,"score":0.9483346939086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132727834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4892328","display_name":"Berlekamp\u2013Welch algorithm","level":5,"score":0.7560999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6830987334251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6063780188560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5935342907905579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204397858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437907","display_name":"List decoding","level":5,"score":0.49091511964797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193969084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452500","display_name":"Sequential decoding","level":4,"score":0.4762166440486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.26808613538742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.19848912954330444}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3597658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3597658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2927535782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3570666967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025A1515011650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3643945900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3673891818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFA1000500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7567873917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515011056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8244168626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301617","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W371215106","https://openalex.org/W1594652978","https://openalex.org/W1651818244","https://openalex.org/W2016746456","https://openalex.org/W2016833807","https://openalex.org/W2023355697","https://openalex.org/W2032431003","https://openalex.org/W2077814477","https://openalex.org/W2089272132","https://openalex.org/W2090786588","https://openalex.org/W2100845216","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2144760922","https://openalex.org/W2156826724","https://openalex.org/W2162442687","https://openalex.org/W2804347328","https://openalex.org/W2888918761","https://openalex.org/W2916274980","https://openalex.org/W2963829778","https://openalex.org/W2964243833","https://openalex.org/W2978648598","https://openalex.org/W3010466778","https://openalex.org/W3011027571","https://openalex.org/W3035183906","https://openalex.org/W3045960439","https://openalex.org/W3091752016","https://openalex.org/W3116464672","https://openalex.org/W3129516110","https://openalex.org/W3208657910","https://openalex.org/W3212772463","https://openalex.org/W4205820042","https://openalex.org/W4281559499","https://openalex.org/W4285327805","https://openalex.org/W4293812300","https://openalex.org/W4310748967","https://openalex.org/W4310902917","https://openalex.org/W4361862203","https://openalex.org/W4385413521","https://openalex.org/W4385756705","https://openalex.org/W4391677761","https://openalex.org/W4394863101","https://openalex.org/W4401211533","https://openalex.org/W4404788572","https://openalex.org/W4404915384","https://openalex.org/W4405908700","https://openalex.org/W4407374941","https://openalex.org/W4412375777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385322349","https://openalex.org/W1995527419","https://openalex.org/W2369600518","https://openalex.org/W2370284973","https://openalex.org/W2357077655","https://openalex.org/W2351361564","https://openalex.org/W2144831582","https://openalex.org/W4244153028","https://openalex.org/W2147329412","https://openalex.org/W2129423808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,18,122,164,208,238],"propose":[4],"a":[5,49,91,210,227,256],"two-stage":[6],"soft-decision":[7],"decoding":[8,61,107,142,158,181,217,316,321,336,350,360],"(SDD)":[9],"algorithm":[10,40,82,176,191,289,307,317,337,351],"for":[11,20,69,199,223,243,259,344],"BCH":[12,202,332],"codes.":[13,203],"At":[14,54],"the":[15,27,30,35,42,55,114,117,135,139,149,155,162,166,170,174,184,189,195,214,235,244,247,252,260,266,270,283,286,292,305,309,334,340,348],"first":[16],"stage,":[17,57],"search":[19,150,326],"test":[21],"error":[22],"patterns":[23],"(TEPs)":[24],"according":[25],"to":[26,72,79,98,132,273],"reliabilities":[28],"of":[29,52,95,116,120,230,294],"received":[31],"bits":[32,45],"by":[33,297],"using":[34],"flipping":[36],"pattern":[37],"tree":[38],"(FPT)":[39],"or":[41,83],"ordered":[43],"reliability":[44],"(ORB)":[46],"technique,":[47],"with":[48,90,299],"bounded":[50],"number":[51,94,119,229,293],"searches.":[53],"second":[56],"traditional":[58],"algebraic":[59,215],"hard-decision":[60,216],"(HDD),":[62],"say,":[63],"Berlekamp-Massey":[64],"(BM)":[65],"algorithm,":[66,77,85],"is":[67,144,220],"performed":[68,221],"these":[70],"TEPs":[71],"find":[73],"codewords.":[74],"The":[75,314],"proposed":[76,140,175,190,287,315,335,349],"referred":[78],"as":[80],"FPT-BM":[81,141,288],"ORB-BM":[84],"can":[86,192,338],"achieve":[87],"near-optimal":[88],"performance":[89,171,271,301,355],"significantly":[92],"small":[93,118],"searches":[96],"(dozens":[97],"hundreds).":[99],"This":[100],"enables":[101],"efficient":[102],"parallel":[103],"implementation,":[104],"ensuring":[105],"low":[106],"latency":[108],"and":[109,126,177,255,303,358],"high":[110,200,330],"throughput.":[111],"To":[112,160,204,233],"justify":[113],"sufficiency":[115],"searches,":[121],"provide":[123,239],"qualitative":[124],"reasoning":[125],"quantitative":[127,257],"evaluation":[128],"(using":[129],"saddlepoint":[130,185],"approximation)":[131],"show":[133],"that":[134,153,188],"transmitted":[136],"codeword":[137],"under":[138,154,308,324],"strategy":[143],"reached":[145],"much":[146],"earlier":[147],"in":[148,246],"list":[151,262],"than":[152],"single":[156,319],"stage":[157,320],"(FPT-only).":[159],"analyze":[161],"performance,":[163],"calculate":[165],"upper":[167,267],"bound":[168,198,268],"on":[169,183,251,265,269],"gap":[172,272],"between":[173],"maximum":[178,261],"likelihood":[179],"(ML)":[180],"based":[182,250,264],"approximation,":[186],"showing":[187],"effectively":[193,290],"approach":[194,339],"ML":[196,274],"lower":[197],"rate":[201,331,346],"reduce":[205],"computational":[206],"complexity,":[207],"introduce":[209],"filtering":[211,248,284,311],"criterion,":[212,285],"where":[213],"(BM":[218],"decoding)":[219],"only":[222],"those":[224],"candidates":[225],"satisfying":[226],"sufficient":[228],"parity-check":[231],"equations.":[232],"determine":[234],"key":[236],"parameters,":[237],"an":[240],"intuitive":[241],"criterion":[242,258],"threshold":[245],"step":[249],"statistical":[253],"analysis":[254],"size":[263],"decoding.":[275],"Numerical":[276],"results":[277],"demonstrate":[278],"that:":[279],"1)":[280],"By":[281],"introducing":[282],"reduces":[291],"BM":[295],"calls":[296],"half,":[298],"negligible":[300],"loss,":[302],"outperforms":[304,318],"Chase-BM":[306],"same":[310],"criterion;":[312],"2)":[313],"(FPT":[322],"only)":[323],"limited":[325],"sizes;":[327],"3)":[328],"For":[329],"codes,":[333],"finite-length":[341],"capacity,":[342],"while":[343],"medium":[345],"regions,":[347],"also":[352],"exhibits":[353],"better":[354],"over":[356],"FPT-only":[357],"BM-only":[359],"algorithms.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
