{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412404185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3588561","title":"Nested Root-Protograph LDPC-Coded Multilevel-Priority IR-HARQ Systems: A New Design for Multi-Stream Transmissions With Non-Ergodic Block Fading","display_name":"Nested Root-Protograph LDPC-Coded Multilevel-Priority IR-HARQ Systems: A New Design for Multi-Stream Transmissions With Non-Ergodic Block Fading","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412404185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3588561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3588561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3588561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010252317","display_name":"Zhaojie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-0182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaojie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-0182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101396977","display_name":"Xiaoxi Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5387-5677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024961843","display_name":"Yaoyue Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8770-7409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoyue Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8770-7409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067418255","display_name":"Yi Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-249X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-249X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763983","display_name":"Yong Liang Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9757-630X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Liang Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9757-630X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12823806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"11","first_page":"10130","last_page":"10144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.7604628801345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-automatic-repeat-request","display_name":"Hybrid automatic repeat request","score":0.7448044419288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5698232054710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5545237064361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.5139879584312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodic-theory","display_name":"Ergodic theory","score":0.5135402679443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.42937469482421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.402732253074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34109818935394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3298344612121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2655148506164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.20305272936820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18684867024421692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.7604628801345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118437007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1017139","display_name":"Hybrid automatic repeat request","level":3,"score":0.7448044419288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5698232054710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5545237064361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.5139879584312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122044880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5498822","display_name":"Ergodic theory","level":2,"score":0.5135402679443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.42937469482421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.402732253074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34109818935394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3298344612121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2655148506164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.20305272936820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18684867024421692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3588561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3588561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/217650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/217650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G605595995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62322106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G95701583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401278","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967306418","https://openalex.org/W1984332575","https://openalex.org/W2019656374","https://openalex.org/W2023808435","https://openalex.org/W2033624838","https://openalex.org/W2097884080","https://openalex.org/W2109489513","https://openalex.org/W2112733919","https://openalex.org/W2114251963","https://openalex.org/W2120915534","https://openalex.org/W2160444861","https://openalex.org/W2169732368","https://openalex.org/W2244096737","https://openalex.org/W2410784859","https://openalex.org/W2508291414","https://openalex.org/W2611265312","https://openalex.org/W2746329563","https://openalex.org/W2750602456","https://openalex.org/W2904729968","https://openalex.org/W2937286339","https://openalex.org/W2951611842","https://openalex.org/W2963202980","https://openalex.org/W2963481470","https://openalex.org/W2964203193","https://openalex.org/W3043044300","https://openalex.org/W3046202172","https://openalex.org/W3089384534","https://openalex.org/W3129163321","https://openalex.org/W4285049374","https://openalex.org/W4285237712","https://openalex.org/W4380903941","https://openalex.org/W4391791294","https://openalex.org/W4406610814","https://openalex.org/W4413180423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391128921","https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2093805614","https://openalex.org/W2356834760","https://openalex.org/W2160687205","https://openalex.org/W1964600846","https://openalex.org/W2390585021","https://openalex.org/W3117231723","https://openalex.org/W2936301543","https://openalex.org/W2127563499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,59],"enhance":[1],"the":[2,35,52,76,88,99,108,118,143,162],"adaptability":[3],"and":[4,41,83,104,137],"performance":[5,36],"of":[6,37,72,98,120],"multi-stream":[7],"transmissions":[8],"over":[9,55,155],"non-ergodic":[10,56,156],"block":[11],"fading":[12],"(BF)":[13],"channels,":[14,158],"this":[15,61],"paper":[16],"studies":[17],"a":[18,65,70,94],"multilevel-priority":[19,95],"incremental-redundancy":[20],"hybrid":[21],"ARQ":[22],"(MP-IR-HARQ)":[23],"system":[24,54,115,147],"with":[25],"nested":[26],"root-protograph-based":[27],"low-density":[28],"parity-check":[29],"(NRP-LDPC)":[30],"codes.":[31],"Specifically,":[32],"we":[33,63,92],"analyze":[34],"traditional":[38,109],"RP-LDPC":[39],"codes":[40,74],"reveal":[42],"that":[43,142],"they":[44],"are":[45],"unable":[46],"to":[47,68],"achieve":[48],"full":[49],"diversity":[50],"in":[51],"IR-HARQ":[53,89,110],"BF":[57,157],"channels.":[58],"address":[60],"limitation,":[62],"propose":[64],"design":[66,96],"methodology":[67],"construct":[69],"family":[71],"NRP-LDPC":[73],"having":[75],"full-diversity":[77],"property,":[78,80],"throughput-limit-approaching":[79],"outage-limit-approaching":[81],"performance,":[82],"rate":[84],"compatibility":[85],"tailored":[86],"for":[87],"system.":[90],"Additionally,":[91],"incorporate":[93],"composed":[97],"adaptive":[100,102],"modulation,":[101],"detection,":[103],"successive":[105],"decoding":[106],"into":[107],"framework.":[111],"The":[112,132],"designed":[113],"MP-IR-HARQ":[114,146],"can":[116,148],"support":[117],"transmission":[119],"multiple":[121],"data":[122],"streams":[123],"while":[124],"providing":[125],"unequal":[126],"error":[127],"protection":[128],"(UEP)":[129],"across":[130],"them.":[131],"outage-boundary":[133],"analyses,":[134,136],"throughput":[135],"word-error-rate":[138],"(WER)":[139],"simulations":[140],"demonstrate":[141],"proposed":[144],"NRP-LDPC-coded":[145],"not":[149],"only":[150],"significantly":[151],"outperform":[152],"prior-art":[153],"counterparts":[154],"but":[159],"also":[160],"enable":[161],"multi-data-stream-based":[163],"UEP":[164],"transmission.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
