{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411983372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585508","title":"Flip-KLJN: Random Resistance Flipping for Noise-Driven Secure Communication","display_name":"Flip-KLJN: Random Resistance Flipping for Noise-Driven Secure Communication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411983372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585508","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021431299","display_name":"Recep Akif Ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9291-0463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Recep A. Tasci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Türkiye","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9291-0463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067601548","display_name":"Ibrahim Yildirim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-8464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Yildirim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye","Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-8464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051978835","display_name":"Ertu\u011frul Ba\u015far","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ertugrul Basar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Türkiye","Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84638312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"11","first_page":"12625","last_page":"12636"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5223982334136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4868123233318329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4819193184375763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3491330146789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2681705355644226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5223982334136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4868123233318329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4819193184375763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3491330146789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2681705355644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/46851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/46851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/231086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/231086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401860","display_name":"Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I150589677","host_organization_name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3539039227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"124E146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995962298","https://openalex.org/W2000428695","https://openalex.org/W2019387971","https://openalex.org/W2046095519","https://openalex.org/W2086081465","https://openalex.org/W2114054840","https://openalex.org/W2118554357","https://openalex.org/W2142945250","https://openalex.org/W2154549916","https://openalex.org/W2155116500","https://openalex.org/W2295120647","https://openalex.org/W2344487751","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2917007538","https://openalex.org/W3157692568","https://openalex.org/W4226367728","https://openalex.org/W4283465720","https://openalex.org/W4293702014","https://openalex.org/W4362610191","https://openalex.org/W4387455592","https://openalex.org/W4390136838","https://openalex.org/W4400152179","https://openalex.org/W4403181883","https://openalex.org/W7093019550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,35],"information-theoretically":[1],"(unconditionally)":[2],"secure":[3,58],"Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise":[4],"(KLJN)":[5],"bit":[6,86,91,97,111,120],"exchange":[7,92],"protocol":[8],"uses":[9],"two":[10],"identical":[11],"resistor":[12],"pairs":[13],"with":[14,30,117],"high":[15,32,55],"(H)":[16],"and":[17,45,54,57,128,149],"low":[18,50],"(L)":[19],"resistance":[20],"values,":[21],"driven":[22],"by":[23],"Gaussian":[24],"noise":[25,29,38],"generators":[26],"emulating":[27],"Johnson":[28],"a":[31,75,82,109],"common":[33],"temperature.":[34],"resulting":[36],"mean-square":[37],"voltage":[39],"on":[40,134],"the":[41,64,71,85,90,96,103,118,125,135],"wire":[42,136],"connecting":[43],"Alice":[44],"Bob":[46],"has":[47],"three":[48,132],"levels:":[49],"(L/L),":[51],"intermediate":[52,65,77],"(H/LorL/H),":[53],"(H/H),":[56],"key":[59,126],"sharing":[60],"is":[61],"achieved":[62],"at":[63],"level":[66],"(L/HorH/L).":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"introduces":[70],"Flip-KLJN":[72,123],"scheme,":[73],"where":[74],"pre-agreed":[76,110],"level,":[78],"such":[79],"asH/L,":[80],"triggers":[81],"flip":[83],"of":[84],"map":[87,98],"value":[88,112],"during":[89],"period.":[93],"For":[94],"Eve,":[95],"flips":[99,115],"appear":[100],"random.":[101],"Thus,":[102,122],"formerly":[104],"discardedH/HandL/Lsituations":[105],"can":[106],"also":[107],"have":[108],"mapping,":[113],"which":[114],"together":[116],"original":[119],"mapping.":[121],"doubles":[124],"rate":[127],"ensures":[129],"that":[130],"all":[131],"levels":[133],"are":[137,144],"indistinguishable":[138],"for":[139],"Eve.":[140],"Bit":[141],"error":[142],"probabilities":[143],"addressed":[145],"through":[146],"analytic":[147],"calculations":[148],"computer":[150],"simulations.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}