{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411983349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585501","title":"Hybrid Beamforming Assisted OTFS-Based CV-QKD Systems for Doubly Selective THz Channels","display_name":"Hybrid Beamforming Assisted OTFS-Based CV-QKD Systems for Doubly Selective THz Channels","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411983349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112221797","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2601-6750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002507578","display_name":"Chao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8423-0342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101751091","display_name":"Stephen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-9206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098188","display_name":"Laboratori Guglielmo Marconi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3vad87","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["VIAVI Marconi Labs, Stevenage, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIAVI Marconi Labs, Stevenage, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041481409","display_name":"Soon Xin Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-7194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soon Xin Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122305","display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112221797"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74510783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"11","first_page":"11931","last_page":"11946"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9606000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9542999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6974642276763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.564272940158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.457549512386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.43417686223983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4291608929634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.42884624004364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.32979336380958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30162757635116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.28956353664398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28290724754333496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6974642276763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.564272940158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.457549512386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.43417686223983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4291608929634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.42884624004364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32979336380958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30162757635116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.28956353664398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28290724754333496}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3585501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:503594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2025.3585501>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2567141277","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2727286692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous-variable":[0],"quantum":[1],"key":[2,191],"distribution":[3],"(CV-QKD)":[4],"maps":[5],"information":[6,105],"onto":[7],"the":[8,24,42,83,109,124,131,164,172],"quadrature":[9],"components":[10],"of":[11,44,186],"electromagnetic":[12],"waves,":[13],"so":[14],"that":[15,60,171],"off-the-shelf":[16],"wireless":[17,33,45],"transceivers":[18],"can":[19],"be":[20],"utilized.":[21],"This":[22],"motivates":[23],"move":[25],"from":[26,37],"optical":[27],"to":[28,101],"Terahertz":[29],"(THz)":[30],"bands.":[31],"However,":[32],"THz":[34,165,202],"channels":[35],"suffer":[36],"severe":[38],"path":[39],"loss,":[40],"while":[41],"mobility":[43],"users":[46],"imposes":[47],"doubly":[48,200],"selective":[49,201],"fading.":[50],"Against":[51],"this":[52],"background,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"a":[56],"new":[57],"CV-QKD":[58,160,177],"regime":[59],"relies":[61],"on":[62,180],"hybrid":[63],"beamforming":[64],"(HBF)":[65],"assisted":[66],"multiple-input":[67],"multiple-output":[68],"(MIMO)":[69],"orthogonal":[70,76],"frequency":[71,78],"division":[72],"multiplexing":[73],"(OFDM)":[74],"and":[75,86,95,112,129,194],"time":[77],"space":[79],"(OTFS)":[80],"system,":[81],"where":[82],"channel\u2019s":[84],"transmissivity":[85],"robustness":[87],"against":[88],"double":[89],"selectivity":[90],"are":[91,119],"overcome":[92],"by":[93],"HBF":[94,174],"OTFS,":[96],"respectively.":[97],"Secondly,":[98],"in":[99,123,130,163,198],"order":[100],"provide":[102],"channel":[103,116],"state":[104],"(CSI)":[106],"for":[107,127,134,141,156],"both":[108],"transmitter":[110],"(CSI-T)":[111],"receiver":[113],"(CSI-R),":[114],"practical":[115],"estimation":[117],"methods":[118],"conceived.":[120],"They":[121],"operate":[122],"time-frequency":[125],"domain":[126,133],"OFDM":[128],"delay-Doppler":[132],"OTFS.":[135],"Thirdly,":[136],"soft-decision":[137],"detection":[138],"is":[139,154,184],"devised":[140],"our":[142],"MIMO":[143,175],"OFDM/OTFS":[144],"aided":[145],"multi-dimensional":[146],"reconciliation":[147],"(MDR)":[148],"scheme.":[149],"Low-density":[150],"parity-check":[151],"(LDPC)":[152],"coding":[153],"invoked":[155],"further":[157],"improving":[158],"secure":[159,195],"transmission":[161,196],"distance":[162,197],"band.":[166],"Our":[167],"simulation":[168],"results":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"proposed":[173],"OTFS-based":[176],"system":[178],"relying":[179],"realistic":[181],"estimated":[182],"CSI":[183],"capable":[185],"achieving":[187],"an":[188],"adequate":[189],"secret":[190],"rate":[192],"(SKR)":[193],"hostile":[199],"channels.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-14T23:14:49.485078","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}