{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411143333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3577640","title":"A2M-KS: Adaptive Attention-Based MADRL Strategy With Koch Snowflake Cluster Structure for Cross Sea-Air Optical Communication Alignment","display_name":"A2M-KS: Adaptive Attention-Based MADRL Strategy With Koch Snowflake Cluster Structure for Cross Sea-Air Optical Communication Alignment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411143333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3577640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3577640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3577640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032607111","display_name":"Jiehong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-3009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiehong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-3009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhongli Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2334-6133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongli Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2334-6133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102944642","display_name":"Cunqian Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-2231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunqian Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-2231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070719868","display_name":"Guangjie Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-7369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangjie Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-7369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032607111"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10509253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"11","first_page":"11632","last_page":"11645"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowflake","display_name":"Snowflake","score":0.6698532104492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.5959261655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5262046456336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.48519471287727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-optics","display_name":"Adaptive optics","score":0.42648324370384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38633447885513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3139720857143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26656216382980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22422131896018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19618475437164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.12908118963241577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54059038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550147","display_name":"Snowflake","level":3,"score":0.6698532104492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5959261655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5262046456336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.48519471287727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132771110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506922","display_name":"Adaptive optics","level":2,"score":0.42648324370384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38633447885513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3139720857143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26656216382980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22422131896018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19618475437164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.12908118963241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3577640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3577640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3101814121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2532582639","https://openalex.org/W2898638164","https://openalex.org/W2966542644","https://openalex.org/W3043823480","https://openalex.org/W3081524296","https://openalex.org/W3090837869","https://openalex.org/W3122966013","https://openalex.org/W3126801896","https://openalex.org/W3174495368","https://openalex.org/W3205117227","https://openalex.org/W3208826102","https://openalex.org/W4210716282","https://openalex.org/W4292971861","https://openalex.org/W4292980758","https://openalex.org/W4310049705","https://openalex.org/W4310053202","https://openalex.org/W4319303010","https://openalex.org/W4321488264","https://openalex.org/W4327523253","https://openalex.org/W4360584595","https://openalex.org/W4375798915","https://openalex.org/W4377231756","https://openalex.org/W4382931924","https://openalex.org/W4385834085","https://openalex.org/W4386281092","https://openalex.org/W4386453810","https://openalex.org/W4387129518","https://openalex.org/W4387491139","https://openalex.org/W4389317746","https://openalex.org/W4389633753","https://openalex.org/W4389692423","https://openalex.org/W4390576430","https://openalex.org/W4391092887","https://openalex.org/W4391165178","https://openalex.org/W4392024411","https://openalex.org/W4392412452","https://openalex.org/W4392449800","https://openalex.org/W4392909395","https://openalex.org/W4399573366","https://openalex.org/W4399938976","https://openalex.org/W4399939570","https://openalex.org/W4399939588","https://openalex.org/W4401327162","https://openalex.org/W4401508717","https://openalex.org/W4401509246","https://openalex.org/W4407830069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331374196","https://openalex.org/W2097553621","https://openalex.org/W4244843934","https://openalex.org/W2469781627","https://openalex.org/W4249934362","https://openalex.org/W2769371135","https://openalex.org/W110343638","https://openalex.org/W1663451679","https://openalex.org/W1990429832","https://openalex.org/W2614730486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"communication":[1,58,104,178],"alignment":[2,105,160],"between":[3],"an":[4,10,86,115,121,143],"unmanned":[5],"aerial":[6],"vehicle":[7,13],"(UAV)":[8],"and":[9,30,53,81,119,137,151,182],"autonomous":[11],"underwater":[12],"(AUV)":[14],"is":[15],"crucial":[16],"for":[17,100],"achieving":[18,134],"cross":[19,55,101],"sea-air":[20,56,102],"optical":[21,57,103],"communication.":[22],"However,":[23],"the":[24,62,68,74,111,147,154,159,163,169],"high":[25],"directivity":[26],"of":[27,177],"laser":[28],"beams":[29],"sea":[31,50],"surface":[32,51],"fluctuations":[33],"pose":[34],"significant":[35],"challenges":[36],"to":[37,66,124,127],"precise":[38],"alignment.":[39],"To":[40,78],"address":[41],"this":[42,44],"issue,":[43],"paper":[45],"first":[46],"establishes":[47],"a":[48,54],"dynamic":[49],"model":[52],"channel":[59],"model,":[60],"utilizing":[61],"beam":[63],"splitting":[64],"method":[65],"determine":[67],"light":[69,155],"spot":[70,156],"center":[71],"position":[72],"on":[73,130],"UAV":[75,148],"receiving":[76],"plane.":[77],"achieve":[79],"rapid":[80,135],"stable":[82],"alignment,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"adaptive":[87,116],"attention-based":[88],"multi-agent":[89],"deep":[90],"reinforcement":[91],"learning":[92,117],"(MADRL)":[93],"strategy":[94],"with":[95,162],"Koch":[96],"Snowflake":[97],"cluster":[98],"structure":[99],"(A2M-KS).":[106],"This":[107],"algorithm":[108,171],"dynamically":[109],"optimizes":[110],"evaluation":[112],"network":[113],"through":[114],"rate":[118],"employs":[120],"attention":[122],"mechanism":[123],"enable":[125],"agents":[126],"selectively":[128],"focus":[129],"relevant":[131],"information,":[132],"thereby":[133],"convergence":[136,180],"higher":[138],"accuracy.":[139,183],"Furthermore,":[140],"by":[141],"designing":[142],"attractive":[144],"reward":[145],"function,":[146],"can":[149],"rapidly":[150],"accurately":[152],"track":[153],"center,":[157],"completing":[158],"task":[161],"AUV.":[164],"Experimental":[165],"results":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"that":[168],"A2M-KS":[170],"outperforms":[172],"baseline":[173],"methods":[174],"in":[175],"terms":[176],"reliability,":[179],"speed,":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-14T23:14:49.485078","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
