{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411055368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3576919","title":"Two-Stage Reinforcement Learning for MIMO-NOMA With Hard-Latency Constraints","display_name":"Two-Stage Reinforcement Learning for MIMO-NOMA With Hard-Latency Constraints","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411055368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3576919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3576919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3576919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/642599613/MIMO-NOMAV7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069988626","display_name":"Luyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5346-1684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5346-1684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340369","display_name":"An Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-5234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-5234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112472880","display_name":"Xiaoxia Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3699-235X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxia Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3699-235X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056349361","display_name":"Xidong Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-360X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xidong Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Queen’s University Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-360X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Queen’s University Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076863392","display_name":"Yuanwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9253,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.751268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"11","first_page":"11138","last_page":"11153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.9140662550926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.640863299369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6102674603462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6099544167518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5997122526168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.4146571755409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3874807357788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3285294473171234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26930326223373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.26928359270095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25358331203460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23517978191375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.12724730372428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.11083048582077026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.9140662550926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.640863299369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6102674603462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6099544167518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5997122526168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4146571755409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3874807357788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3285294473171234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26930326223373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.26928359270095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25358331203460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23517978191375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.12724730372428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.11083048582077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3576919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3576919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/398ee953-5ec5-4c5c-980b-2e8360b380a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/398ee953-5ec5-4c5c-980b-2e8360b380a5","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/642599613/MIMO-NOMAV7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhang, L, Liu, A, Xu, X, Mu, X & Liu, Y 2025, 'Two-stage reinforcement learning for MIMO-NOMA with hard-latency constraints', IEEE Transactions on Communications. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2025.3576919","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/398ee953-5ec5-4c5c-980b-2e8360b380a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/398ee953-5ec5-4c5c-980b-2e8360b380a5","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/642599613/MIMO-NOMAV7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhang, L, Liu, A, Xu, X, Mu, X & Liu, Y 2025, 'Two-stage reinforcement learning for MIMO-NOMA with hard-latency constraints', IEEE Transactions on Communications. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2025.3576919","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411055368.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411055368.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1690504809","https://openalex.org/W1969648546","https://openalex.org/W2030546921","https://openalex.org/W2031727428","https://openalex.org/W2119456443","https://openalex.org/W2178935672","https://openalex.org/W2280816766","https://openalex.org/W2510906680","https://openalex.org/W2626422957","https://openalex.org/W2626444157","https://openalex.org/W2769456309","https://openalex.org/W2784711283","https://openalex.org/W2913323152","https://openalex.org/W2914569337","https://openalex.org/W2951205086","https://openalex.org/W2961697519","https://openalex.org/W2963036736","https://openalex.org/W2963336322","https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2982590021","https://openalex.org/W3004116256","https://openalex.org/W3024776269","https://openalex.org/W3109798196","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3133715761","https://openalex.org/W3164927689","https://openalex.org/W3183168981","https://openalex.org/W3214162137","https://openalex.org/W4210439023","https://openalex.org/W4210615220","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4312849087","https://openalex.org/W4321021486","https://openalex.org/W4321488315","https://openalex.org/W4378647921","https://openalex.org/W4379382310","https://openalex.org/W4382999045","https://openalex.org/W4388901727","https://openalex.org/W4388983867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W4404253608","https://openalex.org/W3010814398","https://openalex.org/W4385197899","https://openalex.org/W3005957545","https://openalex.org/W2962936331","https://openalex.org/W2756429284","https://openalex.org/W2621874875"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"hard-latency":[2,26],"guaranteed":[3],"cluster-free":[4,41],"multiple-input":[5],"multiple-output":[6],"non-orthogonal":[7],"multiple":[8],"access":[9],"(MIMO-NOMA)":[10],"framework":[11],"is":[12,33,58,68,101,127,143,179],"proposed":[13,180,203],"to":[14,60,73,89,103,108,130,145,149,181,192],"deal":[15],"with":[16,98,186],"burst":[17],"traffics":[18],"that":[19],"commonly":[20],"occur":[21],"in":[22,167],"real-world":[23],"scenarios.":[24],"The":[25,140],"constrained":[27],"effective":[28],"throughput":[29],"(HLC-ET)":[30],"maximization":[31,138,156],"problem":[32,157],"formulated,":[34],"which":[35],"jointly":[36],"optimizes":[37],"the":[38,49,65,75,84,91,105,110,119,132,136,147,154,168,184,193,199,202],"beamforming":[39,208],"and":[40,78,93,209,217],"success":[42],"interference":[43],"cancellation":[44],"(SIC)":[45],"operations.":[46],"To":[47,164],"address":[48],"resultant":[50],"problem,":[51],"a":[52,94,122,159,171],"two-stage":[53,204],"reinforcement":[54],"learning":[55],"(RL)-based":[56],"algorithm":[57,97,126,142,178,213],"developed":[59,129],"capture":[61],"system":[62],"uncertainty,":[63],"where":[64],"large-dimension":[66],"optimization":[67,211],"decoupled":[69],"into":[70],"two":[71],"stages":[72],"reduce":[74,183],"action":[76],"space":[77],"fasten":[79],"convergence":[80,148],"of":[81,116,135,153,162,201],"RL.":[82],"In":[83,118],"long-term":[85],"stage,":[86,121,170],"we":[87],"aim":[88],"maximize":[90],"HLC-ET,":[92],"hybrid":[95],"RL":[96,205],"policy":[99],"reuse":[100],"adoped":[102],"control":[104],"priority":[106],"weights":[107],"construct":[109],"weighted":[111],"sum":[112],"rate":[113],"(WSR)":[114],"function":[115],"users.":[117],"short-term":[120,169],"branch-and-bound":[123],"(BB)":[124],"based":[125,174,206,219],"further":[128],"obtain":[131],"optimal":[133],"solution":[134,152],"WSR":[137,155],"problem.":[139],"BB-based":[141,194],"proved":[144],"guarantee":[146],"an":[150],"\u03f5-optimal":[151],"within":[158],"finite":[160],"number":[161],"steps.":[163],"accelerate":[165],"computation":[166],"channel":[172],"correlation":[173],"two-loop":[175],"greedy":[176],"(CC-TLG)":[177],"significantly":[182],"complexity":[185],"almost":[187],"no":[188],"performance":[189],"loss":[190],"compared":[191],"algorithm.":[195],"Finally,":[196],"simulations":[197],"demonstrate":[198],"advantages":[200],"joint":[207],"SIC":[210],"(TSRL-JBSO)":[212],"over":[214],"conventional":[215],"RL-based":[216],"non-RL":[218],"algorithms.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}