{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409916777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3565500","title":"Covert Transmission and Physical-Layer Security of STAR-RIS-Assisted Uplink SGF-NOMA Systems","display_name":"Covert Transmission and Physical-Layer Security of STAR-RIS-Assisted Uplink SGF-NOMA Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409916777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3565500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3565500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3565500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuting Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0559-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0559-941X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015729753","display_name":"Liang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6576-332X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6576-332X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055456145","display_name":"Ishtiaq Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6856-7466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishtiaq Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6856-7466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054197935","display_name":"Mikko Valkama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-0800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Valkama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-0800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9854,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.978167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"10","first_page":"8811","last_page":"8823"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9419999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9259999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.8170827627182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.751960277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6985732913017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5625860691070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5602093935012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.48310065269470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star","display_name":"Star (game theory)","score":0.41207170486450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3062242865562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16169244050979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11817282438278198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.8170827627182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.751960277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6985732913017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5625860691070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5602093935012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.48310065269470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780897414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600592","display_name":"Star (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.41207170486450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3062242865562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16169244050979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11817282438278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3565500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3565500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/229216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/229216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401860","display_name":"Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I150589677","host_organization_name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4008410620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20278","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4185014121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5414051680","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0947","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971604014","https://openalex.org/W2782779428","https://openalex.org/W2894772806","https://openalex.org/W2904457167","https://openalex.org/W2911347524","https://openalex.org/W2942868874","https://openalex.org/W2962719409","https://openalex.org/W2962947312","https://openalex.org/W2980191379","https://openalex.org/W3027993135","https://openalex.org/W3036350030","https://openalex.org/W3038104762","https://openalex.org/W3043894752","https://openalex.org/W3092285216","https://openalex.org/W3097438448","https://openalex.org/W3118962976","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3161769122","https://openalex.org/W3165173280","https://openalex.org/W3185268715","https://openalex.org/W3198290069","https://openalex.org/W3198753883","https://openalex.org/W3210073225","https://openalex.org/W4205091231","https://openalex.org/W4226332602","https://openalex.org/W4291722330","https://openalex.org/W4312800544","https://openalex.org/W4321064462","https://openalex.org/W4361802267","https://openalex.org/W4362500847","https://openalex.org/W4377079725","https://openalex.org/W4381734330","https://openalex.org/W4387029080","https://openalex.org/W4390887433","https://openalex.org/W4391317759","https://openalex.org/W4392251942","https://openalex.org/W4393185127","https://openalex.org/W4396853092","https://openalex.org/W4399990488","https://openalex.org/W4400878491","https://openalex.org/W4401990953","https://openalex.org/W4402673547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W4404253608","https://openalex.org/W3010814398","https://openalex.org/W3165611029","https://openalex.org/W2370038111","https://openalex.org/W2950413682","https://openalex.org/W1604254364","https://openalex.org/W3156341280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,144],"this":[1,108],"paper,":[2],"a":[3],"simultaneously":[4],"transmitting":[5],"and":[6,52,98,115,132,163,169],"reflecting":[7],"reconfigurable":[8],"intelligent":[9],"surface":[10],"(STAR-RIS)-assisted":[11],"uplink":[12],"non-orthogonal":[13],"multiple":[14],"access":[15],"(NOMA)":[16],"system":[17,142,177],"with":[18,32,73],"semi-grant-free":[19],"(SGF)":[20],"transmission":[21],"in":[22],"the":[23,26,33,42,49,60,71,74,82,90,95,112,121,141,157,161,166,170,176],"presence":[24],"of":[25,35,45,92,165,172],"illegal":[27],"user":[28,97],"is":[29,78,179],"investigated.":[30,181],"Particularly,":[31,118],"help":[34],"SGF":[36],"transmission,":[37],"grant-free":[38],"(GF)":[39],"users":[40],"omit":[41],"tedious":[43],"process":[44],"requesting":[46],"authorization":[47],"from":[48],"base":[50],"station":[51],"are":[53,137],"able":[54],"to":[55,80,102,139,151],"transmit":[56],"signals":[57],"by":[58],"sharing":[59],"resource":[61,83],"blocks":[62],"reserved":[63],"for":[64,85,94,120],"grant-based":[65],"(GB)":[66],"user.":[67],"Among":[68],"theKGF":[69],"users,":[70],"one":[72],"best":[75],"channel":[76],"conditions":[77],"eligible":[79],"share":[81],"block":[84],"GB":[86,96],"user,":[87],"which":[88],"ensures":[89],"quality":[91],"service":[93],"avoids":[99],"collisions":[100],"due":[101],"too":[103],"many":[104,148],"GF":[105],"users.":[106],"For":[107],"setup,":[109],"we":[110,146],"consider":[111],"covert":[113],"performance":[114,178],"secrecy":[116,133],"performance.":[117,143],"expressions":[119],"outage":[122,134],"probability":[123,127,135],"(OP),":[124],"detection":[125,130],"error":[126],"(DEP),":[128],"optimal":[129],"threshold,":[131],"(SOP)":[136],"derived":[138],"assess":[140],"addition,":[145],"present":[147],"special":[149],"cases":[150],"get":[152],"more":[153],"intuitive":[154],"insights.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"simulation":[158],"results":[159],"verify":[160],"correctness":[162],"validity":[164],"theoretical":[167],"calculations,":[168],"effect":[171],"each":[173],"parameter":[174],"on":[175],"also":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
