{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408145488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3547769","title":"A Stackelberg Game-Based Energy Trading Framework for RIS-Enhanced Wireless Powered MEC Networks With Multiple Access Points","display_name":"A Stackelberg Game-Based Energy Trading Framework for RIS-Enhanced Wireless Powered MEC Networks With Multiple Access Points","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408145488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3547769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3547769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3547769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079689540","display_name":"Liangsen Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-9352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangsen Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-9352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090513264","display_name":"Yulong Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-5306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-5306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100602821","display_name":"Fu Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1815-2793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1815-2793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073139448","display_name":"Jia Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3532-0143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3532-0143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8506,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84538976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"9","first_page":"7680","last_page":"7694"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9362000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.8359616994857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.61231529712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5934323072433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.567482054233551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.47786515951156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4648871123790741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.35389646887779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09052771329879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08871600031852722}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.8359616994857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.61231529712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5934323072433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.567482054233551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.47786515951156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4648871123790741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.35389646887779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09052771329879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08871600031852722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3547769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3547769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G173900143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2046026471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2022800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6547152870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8257924436","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5f02\u6784\u878d\u5408\u65e0\u7ebf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u6548\u534f\u540c\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071253","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966000877","https://openalex.org/W2032372805","https://openalex.org/W2068060907","https://openalex.org/W2094000142","https://openalex.org/W2245189809","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2472333518","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2766448071","https://openalex.org/W2775371791","https://openalex.org/W2777180355","https://openalex.org/W2788331441","https://openalex.org/W2962834015","https://openalex.org/W2964052915","https://openalex.org/W2964054168","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3034306108","https://openalex.org/W3038283497","https://openalex.org/W3100279028","https://openalex.org/W3153708218","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3182543429","https://openalex.org/W3189090535","https://openalex.org/W3193353357","https://openalex.org/W3194390908","https://openalex.org/W3206779604","https://openalex.org/W4205651202","https://openalex.org/W4226061238","https://openalex.org/W4254419844","https://openalex.org/W4312749753","https://openalex.org/W4312865817","https://openalex.org/W4321380817","https://openalex.org/W4321780055","https://openalex.org/W4322707136","https://openalex.org/W4362714352","https://openalex.org/W4388579546","https://openalex.org/W4391496519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987562536","https://openalex.org/W4383533535","https://openalex.org/W2375814310","https://openalex.org/W4255938919","https://openalex.org/W2903244929","https://openalex.org/W4380353856","https://openalex.org/W2347216446","https://openalex.org/W2605497830","https://openalex.org/W3169439878","https://openalex.org/W2948291551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,201],"a":[4,41,52,86,101,113,153],"reconfigurable":[5],"intelligent":[6],"surface":[7],"(RIS)":[8],"enhanced":[9],"wireless":[10],"powered":[11],"mobile":[12],"edge":[13],"computing":[14],"network.":[15],"With":[16],"the":[17,30,44,71,74,80,110,116,123,130,150,156,162,169,184,202,206,236,239],"assistance":[18],"of":[19,33,43,118,158],"an":[20,34,93,192],"RIS,":[21],"multiple":[22,58],"passive":[23],"devices":[24],"(PDs)":[25],"first":[26,189],"capture":[27],"energy":[28,35,46,94,106],"from":[29],"radiated":[31],"signals":[32],"station":[36],"(ES),":[37],"and":[38,55,62,73,134,144,177,216,220,238,250],"then":[39],"use":[40],"portion":[42,64],"captured":[45],"for":[47,65,107,234],"uplink":[48],"task":[49,67,137],"offloading":[50,88,138],"following":[51],"hybrid":[53],"time-":[54],"frequency-":[56],"division":[57],"access":[59],"(HTFDMA)":[60],"protocol":[61],"another":[63],"local":[66],"computing.":[68],"Considering":[69],"that":[70,91,227],"ES":[72,151,248],"PDs":[75,111,237],"are":[76,244],"not":[77],"affiliated":[78],"with":[79,97,122,161,196],"same":[81],"service":[82],"suppliers,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"partial":[87],"(PO)":[89],"scheme":[90],"formulates":[92],"trading":[95],"framework":[96],"price":[98],"incentives":[99],"through":[100],"Stackelberg":[102],"game":[103],"to":[104],"replenish":[105],"PO.":[108],"Specifically,":[109],"as":[112,126,152,165],"leader":[114],"receive":[115],"benefits":[117,157],"total":[119],"computation":[120],"bits":[121],"charging":[124,131,159,163],"payments":[125,160],"losses":[127,166],"by":[128,167,212],"adjusting":[129],"price,":[132],"bandwidth":[133],"time":[135],"allocation,":[136],"phase":[139,175],"shifts,":[140,176],"PDs\u2019":[141],"transmit":[142,171],"power,":[143,172],"central":[145],"processing":[146],"unit":[147],"frequency.":[148],"Meanwhile,":[149],"follower":[154],"receives":[155],"costs":[164],"adapting":[168],"ES\u2019s":[170,178],"power":[173],"transfer":[174],"beamforming.":[179],"Following":[180],"backward":[181],"induction":[182],"method,":[183],"follower-level":[185,204],"decision":[186,208],"problem":[187,209],"is":[188,210],"handled":[190],"via":[191],"alternating":[193],"optimization":[194],"algorithm":[195],"majorization":[197],"minimization.":[198],"Then,":[199],"based":[200],"obtained":[203],"solutions,":[205],"leader-level":[207],"tackled":[211],"introducing":[213],"auxiliary":[214],"variables":[215],"applying":[217],"Lagrangian":[218],"dual":[219],"block":[221],"coordinate":[222],"descent":[223],"algorithm.":[224],"Simulations":[225],"exhibit":[226],"invoking":[228],"RIS":[229,246],"results":[230],"in":[231],"utility":[232],"gains":[233],"both":[235],"ES,":[240],"especially":[241],"when":[242],"there":[243],"more":[245],"elements,":[247],"antennas,":[249],"PDs.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-10T23:39:48.068659","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}