{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406949371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3535883","title":"Movable Frequency Diverse Array for Wireless Communication Security","display_name":"Movable Frequency Diverse Array for Wireless Communication Security","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406949371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3535883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3535883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3535883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106625202","display_name":"Zihao Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9881-9106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9881-9106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009796023","display_name":"Jiangbo Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-4042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangbo Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-4042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697315","display_name":"Zan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-6504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-6504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624288","display_name":"Pengpeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8199-6123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengpeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072282199","display_name":"Yangchao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-516X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161360","display_name":"Institute of Navigation","ror":"https://ror.org/05rmpy443","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161360"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangchao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Navigation, AFEU, Xi&#x2019;an, China","College of Information and Navigation, AFEU, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Navigation, AFEU, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Navigation, AFEU, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081018704","display_name":"Naofal Al\u2010Dhahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naofal Al-Dhahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-8382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99245963,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"8","first_page":"6813","last_page":"6824"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9194999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6023046374320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5183430910110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.454683780670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4130336344242096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3550074100494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3429066836833954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3413039445877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30781319737434387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6023046374320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5183430910110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.454683780670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4130336344242096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3550074100494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3429066836833954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3413039445877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30781319737434387}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3535883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2025.3535883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1546359354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021JQ-205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4688190400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62425103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5538951345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62121001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182881619","https://openalex.org/W836396136","https://openalex.org/W2021910420","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2062608344","https://openalex.org/W2133406100","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2164137373","https://openalex.org/W2165468651","https://openalex.org/W2578975026","https://openalex.org/W2765561517","https://openalex.org/W2771043316","https://openalex.org/W2892051286","https://openalex.org/W2953675020","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2972944518","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3039238171","https://openalex.org/W3046207563","https://openalex.org/W3135700938","https://openalex.org/W3164289297","https://openalex.org/W3207350943","https://openalex.org/W4230959423","https://openalex.org/W4311414679","https://openalex.org/W4315777607","https://openalex.org/W4362715001","https://openalex.org/W4386523965","https://openalex.org/W4387546248","https://openalex.org/W4387682359","https://openalex.org/W4388426836","https://openalex.org/W4388666110","https://openalex.org/W4389610136","https://openalex.org/W4390660036","https://openalex.org/W4391305366","https://openalex.org/W4391696901","https://openalex.org/W4393028756","https://openalex.org/W4401357214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W2317728013","https://openalex.org/W4252076617","https://openalex.org/W1991205173","https://openalex.org/W2109048960","https://openalex.org/W2741481635","https://openalex.org/W2338537463","https://openalex.org/W2183644707","https://openalex.org/W2038165453","https://openalex.org/W1885824365"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency":[0],"diverse":[1],"array":[2,139],"(FDA)":[3],"is":[4,38,164],"a":[5,55,72,109],"promising":[6],"antenna":[7,20,60,88,91,95],"technology":[8,61],"to":[9,79,124,154],"achieve":[10],"physical":[11],"layer":[12],"security":[13,48,127,151],"by":[14,40,84,130,173],"varying":[15],"the":[16,22,26,29,41,63,81,87,126,161,170,175,181],"frequency":[17,42,92,162],"of":[18,28,65,177,180],"each":[19],"at":[21],"transmitter.":[23],"However,":[24],"when":[25,160],"channels":[27],"legitimate":[30],"user":[31],"and":[32,44,94,141,156],"eavesdropper":[33],"are":[34],"highly":[35],"correlated,":[36],"FDA":[37,58],"limited":[39],"constraint":[43,163],"cannot":[45],"provide":[46],"satisfactory":[47],"performance.":[49],"In":[50,158],"this":[51,100],"paper,":[52],"we":[53,77,107,132],"propose":[54],"novel":[56],"movable":[57],"(MFDA)":[59],"where":[62],"positions":[64,176],"antennas":[66,178],"can":[67,148,167],"be":[68],"dynamically":[69],"adjusted":[70],"in":[71],"given":[73],"finite":[74],"region.":[75],"Specifically,":[76],"aim":[78],"maximize":[80],"secrecy":[82,171],"capacity":[83,172],"jointly":[85],"optimizing":[86],"beamforming":[89],"vector,":[90],"vector":[93],"position":[96],"vector.":[97],"To":[98],"solve":[99],"non-convex":[101],"optimization":[102,112],"problem":[103],"with":[104],"coupled":[105],"variables,":[106],"develop":[108],"two-stage":[110],"alternating":[111],"(AO)":[113],"algorithm":[114],"based":[115],"on":[116],"block":[117],"successive":[118],"upper-bound":[119],"minimization":[120],"(BSUM)":[121],"method.":[122],"Moreover,":[123],"evaluate":[125],"performance":[128,152],"provided":[129],"MFDA,":[131],"introduce":[133],"two":[134],"benchmark":[135],"schemes,":[136],"i.e.,":[137],"phased":[138],"(PA)":[140],"FDA.":[142,157],"Simulation":[143],"results":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"that":[146],"MFDA":[147,166],"significantly":[149],"enhance":[150],"compared":[153],"PA":[155],"particular,":[159],"strict,":[165],"further":[168],"increase":[169],"adjusting":[174],"instead":[179],"frequencies.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
