{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403977258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3490493","title":"NMBEnet: Efficient Near-Field mmWave Beam Training for Multiuser OFDM Systems Using Sub-6 GHz Pilots","display_name":"NMBEnet: Efficient Near-Field mmWave Beam Training for Multiuser OFDM Systems Using Sub-6 GHz Pilots","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403977258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3490493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3490493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3490493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390549","display_name":"Wang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-5168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-5168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075696071","display_name":"Cunhua Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunhua Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113433956","display_name":"Hong Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-1087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-1087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100779393","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Xiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-9592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Xiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-9592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029002143","display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072916702","display_name":"Xiaohu You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu You","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5088,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59636372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"5","first_page":"3119","last_page":"3135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.6586857438087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5764951705932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5033726096153259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4992542266845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.4855365753173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4549327790737152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3456699848175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33341822028160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20624178647994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.13762694597244263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10857638716697693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.6586857438087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5764951705932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5033726096153259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4992542266845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4855365753173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4549327790737152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3456699848175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33341822028160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20624178647994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.13762694597244263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10857638716697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3490493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3490493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2734937587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61960206006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3472168930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB2905100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336597","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Wuhu"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5298968265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62350710796","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6895962253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242022k60006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336597","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Wuhu","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504983838","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2024713977","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2136133623","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2169046853","https://openalex.org/W2261663070","https://openalex.org/W2547350840","https://openalex.org/W2593104718","https://openalex.org/W2622044750","https://openalex.org/W2739778833","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W2782637457","https://openalex.org/W2870675286","https://openalex.org/W2902598962","https://openalex.org/W2907535948","https://openalex.org/W2955485202","https://openalex.org/W2962944637","https://openalex.org/W2963290405","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964051675","https://openalex.org/W2968634732","https://openalex.org/W2989714518","https://openalex.org/W3010799391","https://openalex.org/W3011676575","https://openalex.org/W3013945510","https://openalex.org/W3036327743","https://openalex.org/W3184183363","https://openalex.org/W3198337497","https://openalex.org/W3203938711","https://openalex.org/W3211830369","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4297310224","https://openalex.org/W4312777261","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4381832497","https://openalex.org/W4382119112","https://openalex.org/W4385299750","https://openalex.org/W4389924236","https://openalex.org/W4390496060","https://openalex.org/W4390938779","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6751796012","https://openalex.org/W6861151636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2792339401","https://openalex.org/W2530747331","https://openalex.org/W3097525855","https://openalex.org/W2125564215","https://openalex.org/W2517776947","https://openalex.org/W1986382998","https://openalex.org/W2084482193","https://openalex.org/W2972611783","https://openalex.org/W2063393180","https://openalex.org/W2212019768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Combining":[0],"millimetre-wave":[1],"(mmWave)":[2],"communications":[3],"with":[4,159],"an":[5],"extremely":[6],"large-scale":[7],"antenna":[8],"array":[9],"(ELAA)":[10],"presents":[11],"a":[12,30,132],"promising":[13],"avenue":[14],"for":[15,43],"meeting":[16],"the":[17,59,73,96,109,143,151,178,192,203,211,214,231,235,240],"spectral":[18],"efficiency":[19],"demands":[20],"of":[21,145,205,213,234],"future":[22],"sixth-generation":[23],"(6G)":[24],"mobile":[25],"communications.":[26],"This":[27],"technology":[28],"achieves":[29],"high":[31,160],"data":[32],"rate":[33],"and":[34,80,107,131,171,184,244],"establishes":[35],"high-gain":[36],"directional":[37],"transmission":[38],"links.":[39],"However,":[40],"beam":[41,146,206],"training":[42],"mmWave":[44,82,99],"ELAA":[45],"systems":[46],"is":[47,139],"challenged":[48],"by":[49,72],"excessive":[50],"pilot":[51,91,105],"overheads":[52],"as":[53,55,58],"well":[54],"insufficient":[56],"accuracy,":[57],"huge":[60],"near-field":[61,81,98],"codebook":[62],"has":[63],"to":[64,86,93,103,117,126,129,141,200,223,239],"be":[65],"accounted":[66],"for.":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69,119],"paper,":[70],"inspired":[71],"similarity":[74],"between":[75,166,172],"far-field":[76,128],"sub-6":[77,88,124],"GHz":[78,89,125],"channels":[79],"channels,":[83],"we":[84,113,217],"propose":[85],"leverage":[87,196],"uplink":[90],"signals":[92,167,173],"directly":[94],"estimate":[95],"optimal":[97],"codeword,":[100],"which":[101],"aims":[102],"reduce":[104],"overhead":[106],"bypass":[108],"channel":[110,226],"estimation.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"adopt":[114],"deep":[115,246],"learning":[116],"perform":[118],"dual":[120],"mapping":[121],"function,":[122],"i.e.,":[123],"mmWave,":[127],"near-field,":[130],"novel":[133],"neural":[134,180,186],"network":[135,181,187],"structure":[136],"called":[137],"NMBEnet":[138,194],"designed":[140],"enhance":[142,202],"precision":[144,204],"training.":[147,207],"Specifically,":[148],"when":[149],"considering":[150],"orthogonal":[152],"frequency":[153],"division":[154],"multiplexing":[155],"(OFDM)":[156],"communication":[157],"scenarios":[158],"user":[161],"density,":[162],"correlations":[163,199],"arise":[164],"both":[165],"from":[168,174],"different":[169,175],"users":[170],"subcarriers.":[176],"Accordingly,":[177],"convolutional":[179],"(CNN)":[182],"module":[183,189],"graph":[185],"(GNN)":[188],"included":[190],"in":[191],"proposed":[193,215,236],"can":[195],"these":[197],"two":[198],"further":[201],"To":[208],"better":[209],"evaluate":[210],"performance":[212,233],"algorithm,":[216],"employ":[218],"state-of-the-art":[219],"system":[220],"simulation":[221],"software":[222],"obtain":[224],"realistic":[225],"data.":[227],"Simulation":[228],"results":[229],"demonstrate":[230],"superior":[232],"strategy":[237],"compared":[238],"exhaustive":[241],"search":[242],"scheme":[243],"existing":[245],"learning-based":[247],"schemes.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
