{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403420686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3480979","title":"Joint 3D Beamforming-and-Trajectory Design for UAV-Satellite Uplink Covert Communication","display_name":"Joint 3D Beamforming-and-Trajectory Design for UAV-Satellite Uplink Covert Communication","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403420686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3480979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3480979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3480979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2022-2026/4904","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065566262","display_name":"Jihong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-5342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-5342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017863299","display_name":"Yuting Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1758-0086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I917184967","display_name":"Bank of China","ror":"https://ror.org/02mt4s337","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I917184967"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bank of China, Beijing, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bank of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I917184967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101931677","display_name":"Shihao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-1926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-1926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082446723","display_name":"Yun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8477-8845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8477-8845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100426898","display_name":"Jingjing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-8952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-8952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072510723","display_name":"Jiahao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-3961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-3961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044674658","display_name":"Jianping An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.6335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98966063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"5","first_page":"3469","last_page":"3481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13257","display_name":"Advanced Control and Stabilization in Aerospace Systems","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.783906877040863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7717129588127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.6840117573738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6427242159843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.6270269751548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5380081534385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5216634273529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4833219051361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3309938907623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2701093256473541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.09683084487915039}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.783906877040863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7717129588127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.6840117573738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6427242159843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.6270269751548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5380081534385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5216634273529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4833219051361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3309938907623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2701093256473541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.09683084487915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3480979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3480979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.ecu.edu.au:ecuworks2022-2026-5905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2022-2026/4904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765015692","display_name":"Australasian Journal of Paramedicine","issn_l":"2202-7270","issn":["2202-7270"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research outputs 2022 to 2026","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.ecu.edu.au:ecuworks2022-2026-5905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2022-2026/4904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765015692","display_name":"Australasian Journal of Paramedicine","issn_l":"2202-7270","issn":["2202-7270"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research outputs 2022 to 2026","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6429589120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7518945406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1632601927","https://openalex.org/W1963686975","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2050968963","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2122744491","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2903188535","https://openalex.org/W2962657034","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2963555336","https://openalex.org/W2984466104","https://openalex.org/W2987093331","https://openalex.org/W3009574497","https://openalex.org/W3011039844","https://openalex.org/W3028777793","https://openalex.org/W3036079579","https://openalex.org/W3120881540","https://openalex.org/W3137023729","https://openalex.org/W3137342882","https://openalex.org/W3157573981","https://openalex.org/W3193940080","https://openalex.org/W3213207990","https://openalex.org/W4205796536","https://openalex.org/W4207059838","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4285189503","https://openalex.org/W4381322438","https://openalex.org/W4383988870","https://openalex.org/W4384027004","https://openalex.org/W4387063735","https://openalex.org/W4391974536","https://openalex.org/W4396680687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W4385750381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,63],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,99],"study":[4],"uplink":[5],"covert":[6,69,170],"communication":[7],"in":[8,72],"a":[9,22,37,101,106,143],"space-air":[10],"system,":[11],"where":[12],"an":[13,139],"unmanned":[14],"aerial":[15],"vehicle":[16],"(UAV)":[17],"transmits":[18],"sensitive":[19],"data":[20],"to":[21,66,84,147],"Geosynchronous":[23],"Earth":[24],"Orbit":[25],"(GEO)":[26],"satellite":[27],"while":[28],"preventing":[29],"the":[30,41,46,50,59,68,73,85,96,111,119,122,131,149,153,158,168,176,180],"transmission":[31,70],"action":[32],"from":[33],"being":[34],"discovered":[35],"by":[36,184],"warden.":[38,47],"We":[39,48,137],"derive":[40],"optimal":[42],"decision":[43],"threshold":[44],"of":[45,75,95,110,121,172],"investigate":[49],"3-dimensional":[51],"(3D)":[52],"beamformer":[53],"and":[54,80,88,93,133,157,182,187],"3D":[55],"trajectory":[56,132],"design":[57,138,174,199],"for":[58],"transmitter":[60,97,112],"UAV":[61,113],"against":[62],"optimum":[64],"warden":[65,181],"maximize":[67],"rate":[71,171],"presence":[74],"imperfect":[76],"channel":[77],"state":[78],"information":[79],"uncertain":[81],"noise.":[82],"Due":[83],"non-convex":[86],"structure":[87],"dependence":[89],"between":[90],"beamforming":[91,134,197],"vectors":[92,135],"locations":[94],"UAV,":[98],"develop":[100],"decoupling":[102],"method":[103,146],"that":[104,129,167,193],"specifies":[105],"feasible":[107],"flight":[108],"region":[109],"at":[114],"each":[115],"time":[116],"slot,":[117],"enabling":[118],"decomposition":[120],"original":[123],"optimization":[124],"problem":[125],"into":[126],"two":[127],"sub-problems":[128,150],"optimize":[130],"individually.":[136],"iterative":[140],"algorithm":[141],"with":[142,152,190],"new":[144],"initialization":[145],"solve":[148],"alternately":[151],"semi-definite":[154],"relaxation":[155],"(SDR)":[156],"successive":[159],"convex":[160],"approximation":[161],"(SCA)":[162],"technique.":[163],"Numerical":[164],"results":[165],"show":[166],"average":[169],"our":[173],"approaches":[175],"ideal":[177],"case":[178],"without":[179],"increases":[183],"about":[185],"102.3%":[186],"19.1%":[188],"compared":[189],"benchmark":[191],"schemes":[192],"do":[194],"not":[195],"employ":[196],"or":[198],"2D":[200],"trajectory,":[201],"respectively.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
