{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396886620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3400909","title":"Multi-User Passive Beamforming in RIS-Aided Communications and Experimental Validations","display_name":"Multi-User Passive Beamforming in RIS-Aided Communications and Experimental Validations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396886620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3400909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3400909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3400909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114763071","display_name":"Zhibo Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8828-4804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhibo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082170709","display_name":"Haifan Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5624-8764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110766491","display_name":"Li Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3623-3389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102779879","display_name":"Ruikun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-7523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruikun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437036","display_name":"Kai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-4744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072070654","display_name":"Yingzhuang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-1643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingzhuang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114763071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90286815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"10","first_page":"6569","last_page":"6582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8043134808540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5173725485801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4243861436843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39644691348075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30716925859451294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8043134808540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5173725485801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4243861436843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39644691348075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30716925859451294}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3400909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3400909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2656589067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2949366735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071191","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6235033843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1214110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143004564","https://openalex.org/W2026933032","https://openalex.org/W2058987126","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2127271355","https://openalex.org/W2145013959","https://openalex.org/W2145096794","https://openalex.org/W2163363194","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2896507689","https://openalex.org/W2942626342","https://openalex.org/W2945593340","https://openalex.org/W2967496172","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3010176898","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3023940643","https://openalex.org/W3035706035","https://openalex.org/W3039790476","https://openalex.org/W3040454237","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3094327823","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3118975212","https://openalex.org/W3133878048","https://openalex.org/W3135729854","https://openalex.org/W3160443215","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3203630573","https://openalex.org/W3209113411","https://openalex.org/W3211807890","https://openalex.org/W4200632050","https://openalex.org/W4323571956","https://openalex.org/W4365128723","https://openalex.org/W6763074226","https://openalex.org/W6777514010","https://openalex.org/W6779706453","https://openalex.org/W6851216245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4311414679","https://openalex.org/W4396701345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surface":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"is":[4,201],"a":[5,36,60,103,143],"promising":[6],"technology":[7],"for":[8,45,54,192],"future":[9],"wireless":[10],"communications":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,73,81,156],"its":[14],"capability":[15],"of":[16,39,96,120,127,160,178,186],"optimizing":[17],"the":[18,75,83,90,94,98,115,121,125,135,153,158,169,197],"propagation":[19],"environments.":[20],"Nevertheless,":[21],"in":[22],"literature,":[23],"there":[24],"are":[25],"few":[26],"prototypes":[27],"serving":[28],"multiple":[29],"users.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"we":[34,58,101,141],"propose":[35,72,102],"whole":[37],"flow":[38],"channel":[40,61,84],"estimation":[41],"and":[42,47,71,117,130,150,189],"beamforming":[43,108],"design":[44],"RIS,":[46],"set":[48],"up":[49],"an":[50,173],"RIS-aided":[51],"multi-user":[52,107,163],"system":[53,170],"experimental":[55],"validations.":[56],"Specifically,":[57],"combine":[59],"sparsification":[62],"step":[63],"with":[64,93,181,196],"generalized":[65],"approximate":[66],"message":[67],"passing":[68],"(GAMP)":[69],"algorithm,":[70],"generate":[74,89],"measurement":[76],"matrix":[77],"as":[78],"Rademacher":[79],"distribution":[80],"obtain":[82],"state":[85],"information":[86],"(CSI).":[87],"To":[88],"reflection":[91],"coefficients":[92],"aim":[95],"maximizing":[97],"spectral":[99,175],"efficiency,":[100],"quadratic":[104],"transform-based":[105],"low-rank":[106,118],"(QTLM)":[109],"algorithm.":[110],"Our":[111],"proposed":[112,154],"algorithms":[113,155],"exploit":[114],"sparsity":[116],"properties":[119],"channel,":[122],"which":[123],"has":[124,171],"advantages":[126],"light":[128],"calculation":[129],"fast":[131],"convergence.":[132],"Based":[133],"on":[134],"universal":[136],"software":[137],"radio":[138],"peripheral":[139],"devices,":[140],"built":[142],"complete":[144],"testbed":[145],"working":[146],"at":[147],"5.8":[148],"GHz":[149],"implemented":[151],"all":[152],"verify":[157],"possibility":[159],"RIS":[161,200],"assisting":[162],"systems.":[164],"Experimental":[165],"results":[166],"show":[167],"that":[168],"obtained":[172],"average":[174],"efficiency":[176],"increase":[177],"13.48":[179],"bps/Hz,":[180],"respective":[182],"received":[183],"power":[184],"gains":[185],"26.6":[187],"dB":[188,191],"17.5":[190],"two":[193],"users,":[194],"compared":[195],"case":[198],"when":[199],"powered-off.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2024-05-15T00:00:00"}
