{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400526165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3399202","title":"Semi-Passive Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Enabled Sensing Systems","display_name":"Semi-Passive Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Enabled Sensing Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400526165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3399202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3399202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3399202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085018249","display_name":"Qiaoyan Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0937-9374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaoyan Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0937-9374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048817096","display_name":"Qingqing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100344189","display_name":"Wen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2133-8679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2133-8679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053586699","display_name":"Shaodan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaodan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-3650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071265062","display_name":"Minjian Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-2434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Min Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-2434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077149719","display_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.7981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99038088,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"12","first_page":"7674","last_page":"7688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.6820999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.6820999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.6503000259399414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.6402999758720398,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48939457535743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.48727428913116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35468167066574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.339435338973999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48939457535743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48727428913116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35468167066574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.339435338973999}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3399202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2024.3399202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2892718883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB2905000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3365405956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071296","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4420131350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5855958859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0119/2020/A3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","funder_display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7547104240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8392669911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261160650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/05vna4324"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022798690","https://openalex.org/W2071563913","https://openalex.org/W2142517930","https://openalex.org/W2539864613","https://openalex.org/W2971738358","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3038047043","https://openalex.org/W3080475059","https://openalex.org/W3081766336","https://openalex.org/W3131044282","https://openalex.org/W3162644779","https://openalex.org/W3164845984","https://openalex.org/W3167654865","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3213364142","https://openalex.org/W4205204500","https://openalex.org/W4214867678","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4256268561","https://openalex.org/W4283834347","https://openalex.org/W4285163852","https://openalex.org/W4296425705","https://openalex.org/W4312639322","https://openalex.org/W4312833915","https://openalex.org/W4313477275","https://openalex.org/W4315605915","https://openalex.org/W4321021943","https://openalex.org/W4321780112","https://openalex.org/W4376481083","https://openalex.org/W4376481112","https://openalex.org/W4378697233","https://openalex.org/W4379116905","https://openalex.org/W4379622915","https://openalex.org/W4382998721","https://openalex.org/W4386449985","https://openalex.org/W4386703483","https://openalex.org/W4387623863","https://openalex.org/W4388692603","https://openalex.org/W4389258128","https://openalex.org/W4391547747","https://openalex.org/W4391547876","https://openalex.org/W4392826892","https://openalex.org/W4392902685","https://openalex.org/W4394698864","https://openalex.org/W4394730874","https://openalex.org/W4396505702","https://openalex.org/W4399666068","https://openalex.org/W6858980256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"reflecting":[1,37,83],"surface":[2],"(IRS)":[3],"has":[4],"garnered":[5],"growing":[6],"interest":[7],"and":[8,16,20,39,57,77,85,130,170,191],"attention":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,45,174],"its":[12],"potential":[13],"for":[14,51,70,111,141,196],"facilitating":[15],"supporting":[17],"wireless":[18],"communications":[19],"sensing.":[21],"This":[22],"paper":[23],"studies":[24],"a":[25,99,115],"semi-passive":[26,189],"IRS-enabled":[27],"sensing":[28,202],"system,":[29],"where":[30],"an":[31,120],"IRS":[32,82,127,190],"consists":[33],"of":[34,153,163,187,200],"both":[35,55],"passive":[36],"elements":[38,84],"active":[40],"sensors.":[41],"Our":[42],"goal":[43],"is":[44,148],"minimize":[46],"the":[47,68,71,81,91,94,107,112,126,131,135,139,142,151,154,161,168,178,185,188,198,201],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[48],"bound":[49],"(CRB)":[50],"parameter":[52],"estimation":[53,74,147],"under":[54,93,177],"point":[56,95,179],"extended":[58,136],"target":[59,96,137,143,180],"cases.":[60],"Towards":[61],"this":[62],"goal,":[63],"we":[64,118,159],"begin":[65],"by":[66,123],"deriving":[67],"CRB":[69,92,140,169],"direction-of-arrival":[72],"(DoA)":[73],"in":[75],"closed-form":[76],"then":[78],"theoretically":[79],"analyze":[80],"sensors":[86],"allocation":[87],"design":[88,195],"based":[89],"on":[90,167],"case":[97,113],"with":[98,114],"single-antenna":[100],"base":[101],"station":[102],"(BS).":[103],"To":[104],"efficiently":[105],"solve":[106],"corresponding":[108],"optimization":[109,152],"problem":[110],"multi-antenna":[116],"BS,":[117],"propose":[119],"efficient":[121],"algorithm":[122],"jointly":[124],"optimizing":[125],"phase":[128],"shifts":[129],"BS":[132,155],"beamformers.":[133,157],"Under":[134],"case,":[138],"response":[144],"matrix":[145],"(TRM)":[146],"minimized":[149],"via":[150],"transmit":[156],"Moreover,":[158],"explore":[160],"influence":[162],"various":[164],"system":[165],"parameters":[166],"compare":[171],"these":[172],"effects":[173],"those":[175],"observed":[176],"case.":[181],"Simulation":[182],"results":[183],"show":[184],"effectiveness":[186],"our":[192],"proposed":[193],"beamforming":[194],"improving":[197],"performance":[199],"system.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
