{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390421972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3348131","title":"Independent Encoding Versus Joint Encoding: Short Frame Structure Optimization for Heterogeneous URLLC Systems","display_name":"Independent Encoding Versus Joint Encoding: Short Frame Structure Optimization for Heterogeneous URLLC Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390421972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3348131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3348131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3348131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025856700","display_name":"Xiayue Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-5687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiayue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064534354","display_name":"Xu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-1623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071060953","display_name":"Yufei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-8117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034310857","display_name":"Jie Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8652-7879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606009","display_name":"Sumei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-8122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Fusionopolis, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Fusionopolis, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073153992","display_name":"Vincent K. N. Lau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7769-6008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent K. N. Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering (ECE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering (ECE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025856700"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6157,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71074568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"6","first_page":"3463","last_page":"3480"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7078409194946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5804066061973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5199438333511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.49495428800582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4569431245326996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-size","display_name":"Block size","score":0.43417686223983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4076193869113922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38955560326576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2791903018951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.20121121406555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.16982567310333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14287006855010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10241749882698059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7078409194946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5804066061973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5199438333511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.49495428800582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4569431245326996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41431624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053357","display_name":"Block size","level":3,"score":0.43417686223983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4076193869113922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38955560326576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2791903018951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.20121121406555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.16982567310333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14287006855010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10241749882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3348131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3348131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-135120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-135120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4737297163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022B1515120018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5160650035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G908694890","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11901209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588135687","https://openalex.org/W2036533317","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2112297252","https://openalex.org/W2130767115","https://openalex.org/W2133203703","https://openalex.org/W2149108093","https://openalex.org/W2193895645","https://openalex.org/W2613999164","https://openalex.org/W2776794349","https://openalex.org/W2793241364","https://openalex.org/W2900655085","https://openalex.org/W2914649645","https://openalex.org/W2962756362","https://openalex.org/W2963093157","https://openalex.org/W2963599038","https://openalex.org/W2980191379","https://openalex.org/W3006143078","https://openalex.org/W3006689851","https://openalex.org/W3009695899","https://openalex.org/W3013864432","https://openalex.org/W3033821423","https://openalex.org/W3045630677","https://openalex.org/W3105231658","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3130709215","https://openalex.org/W3185756761","https://openalex.org/W3197943581","https://openalex.org/W3209829921","https://openalex.org/W4206917769","https://openalex.org/W4210485559","https://openalex.org/W4366251214","https://openalex.org/W4381299798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136583354","https://openalex.org/W2111238207","https://openalex.org/W2760721665","https://openalex.org/W330130819","https://openalex.org/W2288610023","https://openalex.org/W2112044895","https://openalex.org/W3121416282","https://openalex.org/W2281389338","https://openalex.org/W2037453743","https://openalex.org/W4312222450"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Short":[0],"frame":[1,36,106,169],"structure":[2],"and":[3,13,20,24,32,65,108,138,145,158,167,180],"its":[4,113],"optimization":[5,161,186],"plays":[6,187],"an":[7,129],"important":[8],"role":[9,190],"in":[10,42,149,191],"ultra":[11],"reliable":[12],"low":[14,195],"latency":[15,23,64,115],"communication":[16],"(URLLC).":[17],"We":[18,126],"investigate":[19],"compare":[21],"the":[22,28,43,101,104,117,133,174,177],"throughput":[25,79,193],"performances":[26],"of":[27,103,132,176],"independent":[29],"encoding":[30,34],"(IE)":[31],"joint":[33,153],"(JE)":[35],"structures":[37],"for":[38,165],"heterogeneous":[39],"multi-device":[40],"URLLC":[41],"finite":[44],"block":[45,119,146,159],"length":[46,120,147,157,160],"regime.":[47],"There":[48],"is":[49,90],"a":[50,55,60,188],"counter-intuitive":[51],"finding":[52],"that,":[53],"despite":[54],"longer":[56],"frame,":[57],"IE":[58,105,166],"enables":[59],"much":[61],"lower":[62,72,81],"average":[63,114],"higher":[66,78],"reliability":[67],"than":[68],"JE,":[69],"thanks":[70,84],"to":[71,85,196],"queuing":[73],"latency,":[74],"while":[75],"JE":[76,168],"achieves":[77],"with":[80,116,141],"traffic":[82,94],"heterogeneity,":[83],"less":[86,97],"channel":[87],"dispersion.":[88],"It":[89],"also":[91,127,181],"shown":[92],"that":[93,183],"heterogeneity":[95],"has":[96],"adverse":[98],"effects":[99],"on":[100],"performance":[102],"structure,":[107],"can":[109],"even":[110],"help":[111],"reduce":[112],"shortest":[118],"first":[121],"(SBF)":[122],"scheduling":[123],"rule":[124],"proposed.":[125],"provide":[128],"intensive":[130],"analysis":[131],"trade-off":[134],"between":[135],"pilot":[136,139,143,154,156,184],"power":[137,144,185],"overhead,":[140],"near-optimal":[142],"derived":[148],"closed":[150],"form.":[151],"Low-complexity":[152],"power,":[155],"algorithms":[162],"are":[163],"proposed":[164,178],"structures.":[170],"Numerical":[171],"results":[172],"verify":[173],"effectiveness":[175],"algorithms,":[179],"show":[182],"significant":[189],"enhancing":[192],"at":[194],"medium":[197],"SNR.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T09:10:02.777135","created_date":"2023-12-30T00:00:00"}