{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389692423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3342213","title":"Relay-Assisted Uplink Covert Communication in the Presence of Multi-Antenna Warden and Uninformed Jamming","display_name":"Relay-Assisted Uplink Covert Communication in the Presence of Multi-Antenna Warden and Uninformed Jamming","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389692423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3342213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3342213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3342213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016239712","display_name":"Menghan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4426-4756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Menghan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration Intelligent Information Technology and the School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4426-4756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration Intelligent Information Technology and the School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080726351","display_name":"Chaowen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2128-528X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaowen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering and School of Artificial Intelligence, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2128-528X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering and School of Artificial Intelligence, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368548","display_name":"Wenjie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1249-5172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration Intelligent Information Technology and the School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1249-5172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration Intelligent Information Technology and the School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016239712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9384,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91711685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"4","first_page":"2124","last_page":"2137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9187999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7841047048568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.7274950742721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.7176770567893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6643489599227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.5711026191711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5696612000465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5478269457817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5284716486930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.46541929244995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.46170857548713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.43383973836898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.42337143421173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4043540060520172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3966687321662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3275674879550934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.256161093711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23398640751838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.21368661522865295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7841047048568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.7274950742721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.7176770567893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6643489599227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.5711026191711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5696612000465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5478269457817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5284716486930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.46541929244995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.46170857548713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.43383973836898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.42337143421173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4043540060520172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3966687321662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3275674879550934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.256161093711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23398640751838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.21368661522865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3342213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3342213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G496703640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5336261157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xzy012021033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6012748954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901366","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W581334404","https://openalex.org/W608690979","https://openalex.org/W1897081267","https://openalex.org/W1991614769","https://openalex.org/W2060500262","https://openalex.org/W2066218102","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2506174538","https://openalex.org/W2508393166","https://openalex.org/W2756790867","https://openalex.org/W2808367635","https://openalex.org/W2809857136","https://openalex.org/W2810713150","https://openalex.org/W2893082680","https://openalex.org/W2896420513","https://openalex.org/W2915414279","https://openalex.org/W2950582173","https://openalex.org/W2956202621","https://openalex.org/W2963108679","https://openalex.org/W2981443503","https://openalex.org/W2982192320","https://openalex.org/W2991566160","https://openalex.org/W3009494512","https://openalex.org/W3028777793","https://openalex.org/W3102424709","https://openalex.org/W3103270291","https://openalex.org/W3103461411","https://openalex.org/W3104101844","https://openalex.org/W3119781142","https://openalex.org/W3132579400","https://openalex.org/W3133015265","https://openalex.org/W3135239326","https://openalex.org/W3139370390","https://openalex.org/W3150881411","https://openalex.org/W3168211341","https://openalex.org/W3198447824","https://openalex.org/W3206417983","https://openalex.org/W3212941029","https://openalex.org/W4210621539","https://openalex.org/W4225751074","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4289655257","https://openalex.org/W4290973040","https://openalex.org/W4295789400","https://openalex.org/W4312573039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W2055634632","https://openalex.org/W2051762234","https://openalex.org/W2131408743","https://openalex.org/W2787827467","https://openalex.org/W4367031485","https://openalex.org/W3114941719","https://openalex.org/W4386883085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Covert":[0],"wireless":[1],"communication":[2,25,61,156],"intends":[3],"to":[4,36,57,97,122,134],"prevent":[5],"hostile":[6,39],"surveillance":[7],"but":[8],"is":[9],"threatened":[10],"by":[11,27],"the":[12,65,69,72,82,92,95,105,110,124,136,139,146,150],"powerful":[13],"multi-antenna":[14,29,34],"detection":[15,40],"technique.":[16],"In":[17,55,81],"this":[18],"paper,":[19],"we":[20,63,85,108,143],"investigate":[21],"finite":[22],"blocklength":[23],"covert":[24,60,126,155],"assisted":[26],"a":[28,33,42,87,116],"relay":[30,93],"station":[31],"and":[32,49,71,94,114,142,149,162],"destination":[35,96],"fight":[37],"against":[38],"from":[41,51],"warden":[43],"also":[44],"equipped":[45],"with":[46],"multiple":[47,75],"antennas":[48,153],"interference":[50],"an":[52],"uninformed":[53],"jammer.":[54],"order":[56],"achieve":[58],"optimal":[59],"performance,":[62],"formulate":[64],"optimization":[66],"problems":[67],"in":[68,104],"single-user":[70,83],"frequency":[73],"division":[74],"access":[76],"(FDMA)":[77],"multi-user":[78,106],"scenarios":[79],"separately.":[80],"scenario,":[84,107],"design":[86],"cooperative":[88],"beamforming":[89,112],"strategy":[90,113],"for":[91],"maximize":[98,123],"their":[99],"received":[100],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[101],"(SINR).":[102],"Then":[103],"utilize":[109],"above":[111],"propose":[115],"majorization-minimization-based":[117],"relay\u2019s":[118],"power":[119,148],"allocation":[120],"algorithm":[121],"total":[125],"throughput":[127],"rate.":[128],"The":[129],"numerical":[130,160],"results":[131,161],"are":[132],"provided":[133],"depict":[135],"effectiveness":[137],"of":[138,152],"proposed":[140],"scheme,":[141],"address":[144],"how":[145],"jamming":[147],"numbers":[151],"affect":[154],"based":[157],"on":[158],"these":[159],"theoretical":[163],"analysis.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}