{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389252359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3338737","title":"Near-Field Beamforming Optimization for Holographic XL-MIMO Multiuser Systems","display_name":"Near-Field Beamforming Optimization for Holographic XL-MIMO Multiuser Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389252359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3338737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3338737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3338737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100721139","display_name":"Yihan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9099-5450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yihan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029000014","display_name":"Shiqi Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-8000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqi Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029019328","display_name":"Heng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-4204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008383657","display_name":"Chengwen Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-3503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengwen Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656619","display_name":"Nan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733413","display_name":"Xianbin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianbin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100721139"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.8425,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9934154,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"4","first_page":"2309","last_page":"2323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6168698072433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.578235387802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5776419639587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5133930444717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.48255032300949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.4624965190887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.448533833026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.4321364164352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.426788866519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.41043663024902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33813539147377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3336242735385895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23442000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19217455387115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1407577395439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14075303077697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09518018364906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.09162965416908264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6168698072433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.578235387802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5776419639587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5133930444717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.48255032300949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.4624965190887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.448533833026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.4321364164352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.426788866519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.41043663024902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33813539147377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3336242735385895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23442000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19217455387115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1407577395439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14075303077697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09518018364906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.09162965416908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3338737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3338737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1572506951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4718972896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8059625138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101614","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2138172106","https://openalex.org/W2145245010","https://openalex.org/W2154623602","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2295512501","https://openalex.org/W2336764954","https://openalex.org/W2512356150","https://openalex.org/W2622044750","https://openalex.org/W2767817194","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2956059314","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2970747196","https://openalex.org/W3084857938","https://openalex.org/W3091752016","https://openalex.org/W3103606968","https://openalex.org/W3120822682","https://openalex.org/W3161825349","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3208383956","https://openalex.org/W4221142127","https://openalex.org/W4223974641","https://openalex.org/W4226067766","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4229035186","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4286569394","https://openalex.org/W4286969151","https://openalex.org/W4289535806","https://openalex.org/W4293057775","https://openalex.org/W4296213150","https://openalex.org/W4309270041","https://openalex.org/W4313157183","https://openalex.org/W4318828558","https://openalex.org/W4388117614","https://openalex.org/W6725872789","https://openalex.org/W6810803670","https://openalex.org/W6840343266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W2180954594","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2052835778","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W2724724053","https://openalex.org/W4286569445","https://openalex.org/W2047743558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extremely":[0],"large-scale":[1,47],"multiple-input":[2],"multiple-output":[3],"(XL-MIMO)":[4],"communications":[5],"and":[6,28,109,200,238],"ultra-high":[7],"frequency":[8],"bands":[9],"are":[10,73,205],"both":[11],"potential":[12],"enablers":[13],"for":[14,84],"satisfying":[15],"extreme":[16],"performance":[17,217],"requirements":[18],"of":[19,46,99,165,182,218],"future":[20],"wireless":[21],"systems.":[22],"Thanks":[23],"to":[24,51,78,92,136,190,243],"low":[25],"hardware":[26,236],"cost":[27],"power":[29,83,239],"consumption,":[30],"holographic":[31],"metasurface":[32],"antennas":[33],"(HMAs)":[34],"operating":[35],"at":[36],"high":[37],"frequencies":[38],"have":[39],"recently":[40],"emerged":[41],"as":[42,241],"an":[43,177,209],"effective":[44],"realization":[45],"antenna":[48],"arrays,":[49],"leading":[50],"greatly":[52],"enlarged":[53],"near-field":[54,64,167],"region.":[55],"In":[56,115,170],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59,76,120,175],"investigate":[60],"a":[61,137],"power-efficient":[62],"HMA-based":[63,71,86,161,232],"downlink":[65],"multiuser":[66,173],"system,":[67],"where":[68,196],"three":[69],"different":[70],"arrays":[72],"considered.":[74],"Specifically,":[75],"aim":[77],"minimize":[79],"the":[80,90,105,110,116,123,148,160,171,192,197,201,215,231,244],"total":[81],"transmit":[82,107],"each":[85,100,134],"array":[87,162,233],"while":[88],"maintaining":[89],"signal":[91],"interference":[93],"plus":[94],"noise":[95],"ratio":[96],"(SINR)":[97],"constraint":[98],"user":[101],"by":[102,147],"jointly":[103],"optimizing":[104],"digital":[106,198],"precoder":[108],"analog":[111],"HMA":[112,139,202],"weighting":[113,203],"matrix.":[114],"special":[117],"single-user":[118],"scenario,":[119,174],"validate":[121],"that":[122,159,230],"original":[124],"optimization":[125,187,194],"problem":[126],"can":[127,144],"be":[128,145],"decomposed":[129],"into":[130],"several":[131],"independent":[132],"subproblems":[133],"corresponding":[135],"single":[138],"microstrip,":[140],"whose":[141],"optimal":[142],"solution":[143],"obtained":[146],"successive":[149],"convex":[150],"approximation":[151],"(SCA)":[152],"based":[153,185],"method.":[154],"It":[155,226],"is":[156,163,227],"also":[157,228],"revealed":[158],"capable":[164],"achieving":[166],"beam":[168],"focusing.":[169],"general":[172],"develop":[176],"efficient":[178],"SCA-alternating":[179],"direction":[180],"method":[181],"multipliers":[183],"(ADMM)":[184],"alternating":[186,210],"(AO)":[188],"algorithm":[189],"tackle":[191],"intractable":[193],"problem,":[195],"precoders":[199],"matrix":[204],"iteratively":[206],"optimized":[207],"in":[208],"manner.":[211],"Numerical":[212],"results":[213],"demonstrate":[214],"superior":[216],"our":[219],"proposed":[220],"algorithms":[221],"over":[222],"existing":[223],"benchmark":[224],"schemes.":[225],"shown":[229],"attains":[234],"lower":[235],"overhead":[237],"consumption":[240],"compared":[242],"conventional":[245],"hybrid":[246],"array.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}