{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3101007526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3335865","title":"Outage Constrained Robust Transmission Design for IRS-Aided Secure Communications With Direct Communication Links","display_name":"Outage Constrained Robust Transmission Design for IRS-Aided Secure Communications With Direct Communication Links","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3101007526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3335865","mag":"3101007526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3335865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3335865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.09822","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009915032","display_name":"Sheng Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5235-8907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5235-8907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075696071","display_name":"Cunhua Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunhua Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067580297","display_name":"Gui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1812-8830"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich- Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1812-8830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich- Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113433956","display_name":"Hong Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-1087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-1087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022523766","display_name":"Kezhi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-0800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kezhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-0800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009915032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.626,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82966763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"3","first_page":"1548","last_page":"1564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6102513670921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.541170597076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4880155622959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4308936893939972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.293899804353714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2733534574508667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6102513670921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.541170597076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4880155622959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4308936893939972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.293899804353714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2733534574508667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3335865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3335865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2011.09822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.09822","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.09822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/27793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/27793","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/27793/2/FullText.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2011.09822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2011.09822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2011.09822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.09822","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.09822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1129167665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3382947102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20210205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325437","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Science and Technology Department"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6578954843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6881470842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20232BAB202016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6984581638","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8803456283","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308269","display_name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/012kf4317"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325437","display_name":"Jiangsu Science and Technology Department","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042599231","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2125884950","https://openalex.org/W2168492199","https://openalex.org/W2940679532","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2949670636","https://openalex.org/W2953226670","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2973110004","https://openalex.org/W2975790550","https://openalex.org/W2985466239","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2993316576","https://openalex.org/W3001977108","https://openalex.org/W3003553362","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3008435545","https://openalex.org/W3009563387","https://openalex.org/W3011149292","https://openalex.org/W3015370491","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3032095193","https://openalex.org/W3034980365","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3036886449","https://openalex.org/W3038283497","https://openalex.org/W3039402952","https://openalex.org/W3040433108","https://openalex.org/W3045209834","https://openalex.org/W3049479273","https://openalex.org/W3087782700","https://openalex.org/W3096023787","https://openalex.org/W3099826794","https://openalex.org/W3101007526","https://openalex.org/W3102577982","https://openalex.org/W3108462255","https://openalex.org/W3110826876","https://openalex.org/W3128954508","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W3135614874","https://openalex.org/W3168739648","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3184496427","https://openalex.org/W3197792384","https://openalex.org/W4287369654","https://openalex.org/W4321770460","https://openalex.org/W4362654099","https://openalex.org/W6785558842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"an":[3],"intelligent":[4],"reflecting":[5],"surface":[6],"(IRS)":[7],"aided":[8],"secure":[9],"communication":[10,13],"with":[11,58],"direct":[12,80,145],"links":[14],"where":[15],"a":[16,22,165],"legitimate":[17,46],"receiver":[18],"(Bob)":[19],"served":[20],"by":[21,28,120],"base":[23],"station":[24],"(BS)":[25],"is":[26,37],"overheard":[27],"multiple":[29],"eavesdroppers":[30],"(Eves),":[31],"meanwhile":[32],"the":[33,84,91,97,104,116,121,129,144,152,178,193],"artificial":[34],"noise":[35],"(AN)":[36],"incorporated":[38],"to":[39,114,141,173],"confuse":[40],"Eves.":[41,138],"Since":[42],"Eves":[43],"are":[44,111],"not":[45],"users,":[47],"their":[48],"channels":[49],"cannot":[50],"be":[51,182],"estimated":[52],"perfectly.":[53],"We":[54],"investigate":[55],"two":[56],"scenarios":[57],"partial":[59],"channel":[60,69,78,82],"state":[61],"information":[62],"(CSI)":[63],"error":[64,87],"of":[65,74,126,132,137,154,167,195],"only":[66],"cascaded":[67,76],"BS-IRS-Eve":[68,77],"and":[70,79,106,128,169,187],"full":[71],"CSI":[72,86,95,189],"errors":[73],"both":[75,185],"BS-Eve":[81],"under":[83,94],"statistical":[85],"model.":[88],"To":[89],"ensure":[90],"security":[92],"performance":[93],"errors,":[96],"transmit":[98,117],"beamforming,":[99],"AN":[100],"spatial":[101],"distribution":[102],"at":[103,109,157],"BS,":[105],"phase":[107,155],"shifts":[108,156],"IRS":[110,158],"jointly":[112],"optimized":[113],"minimize":[115],"power":[118],"constrained":[119],"minimum":[122],"data":[123,134],"rate":[124,135],"requirement":[125],"Bob":[127],"outage":[130],"probability":[131],"maximum":[133],"limitation":[136],"In":[139],"contrast":[140],"existing":[142],"works,":[143],"link":[146],"considered":[147],"in":[148],"our":[149,196],"work":[150],"makes":[151],"optimization":[153],"much":[159],"more":[160],"challenging,":[161],"thus":[162],"we":[163],"propose":[164],"series":[166],"novel":[168],"artful":[170],"mathematical":[171],"manipulations":[172],"tackle":[174],"this":[175],"issue.":[176],"Moreover,":[177],"proposed":[179,197],"algorithm":[180],"can":[181],"applied":[183],"for":[184],"uncorrelated":[186],"correlated":[188],"errors.":[190],"Simulations":[191],"confirm":[192],"superiority":[194],"algorithm.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-20T08:49:12.498775","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}