{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388739159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3333908","title":"Covert MIMO Ambient Backscatter Communication","display_name":"Covert MIMO Ambient Backscatter Communication","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388739159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3333908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3333908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3333908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072510723","display_name":"Jiahao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-3961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-3961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065566262","display_name":"Jihong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-5342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-5342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403032","display_name":"Rongrong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2311-4348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering College, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2311-4348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering College, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060465442","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1027-0104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1027-0104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006316216","display_name":"Kai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-0705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-0705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044674658","display_name":"Jianping An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072510723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.022,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76677276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"3","first_page":"1746","last_page":"1758"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.780852198600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5713459849357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.502357006072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4619787931442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.4458671808242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.40337175130844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3664690852165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3233947157859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24702811241149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18667730689048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.15110227465629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1361125111579895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.780852198600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5713459849357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.502357006072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4619787931442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.4458671808242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40337175130844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3664690852165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3233947157859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24702811241149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18667730689048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.15110227465629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1361125111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3333908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3333908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2881219715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171296","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6429589120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135777913","https://openalex.org/W1550165678","https://openalex.org/W1987380770","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2003889804","https://openalex.org/W2030483914","https://openalex.org/W2064039105","https://openalex.org/W2091271483","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2109520672","https://openalex.org/W2594393372","https://openalex.org/W2607107281","https://openalex.org/W2808367635","https://openalex.org/W2873588347","https://openalex.org/W2897986532","https://openalex.org/W2919684246","https://openalex.org/W2946760274","https://openalex.org/W2961910708","https://openalex.org/W2963513299","https://openalex.org/W2980002424","https://openalex.org/W3028777793","https://openalex.org/W3034980365","https://openalex.org/W3046550298","https://openalex.org/W3105644655","https://openalex.org/W3106493014","https://openalex.org/W3134569544","https://openalex.org/W3157007851","https://openalex.org/W3197783623","https://openalex.org/W4206654732","https://openalex.org/W4242629969","https://openalex.org/W4242781462","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4250658187","https://openalex.org/W4319068696","https://openalex.org/W6774325325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523525694","https://openalex.org/W2998642566","https://openalex.org/W2392682561","https://openalex.org/W57793151","https://openalex.org/W2804882289","https://openalex.org/W2727423897","https://openalex.org/W2497612952","https://openalex.org/W4247948804","https://openalex.org/W2392053643","https://openalex.org/W2595182909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,81],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"covert":[3,14,61,102],"MIMO":[4],"ambient":[5],"backscatter":[6,26],"communication":[7],"(AmBC).":[8],"In":[9],"contrast":[10],"to":[11,32,99,105,129,162],"the":[12,50,56,60,64,75,78,84,94,97,101,106,113,121,131,138,141,147,154,160,164,168,187],"prior":[13],"AmBC":[15],"works,":[16],"we":[17,44,92,158],"equip":[18],"all":[19],"devices":[20],"with":[21,140],"multiple":[22],"antennas,":[23],"where":[24],"a":[25,30,41,173],"tag":[27,98],"works":[28],"as":[29],"beamformer":[31,95],"hide":[33],"both":[34,71],"his":[35],"transmission":[36,57,65],"behavior":[37],"and":[38,59,124,136,167,181],"location":[39],"from":[40],"warden.":[42],"Technically,":[43],"derive":[45],"two":[46],"key":[47],"metrics,":[48],"namely":[49],"Kullback-Leibler":[51],"divergence":[52],"(KL":[53],"divergence)":[54],"measuring":[55,63],"covertness":[58,107],"rate":[62,103],"efficiency.":[66],"We":[67,119,144,176],"reveal":[68],"that":[69,183],"they":[70],"increase":[72],"monotonically":[73],"w.r.t":[74],"number":[76],"of":[77,96,112,149],"tag\u2019s":[79],"antenna.":[80],"tradeoff":[82],"makes":[83],"optimum":[85],"parameter":[86],"configuration":[87],"non-trivial.":[88],"To":[89,152],"this":[90],"end,":[91],"optimize":[93],"maximize":[100],"subject":[104],"constraint":[108],"under":[109],"perfect":[110],"knowledge":[111],"warden\u2019s":[114],"channel":[115],"state":[116],"information":[117],"(WCSI).":[118],"use":[120,159],"matrix":[122],"permutation":[123],"semi-definite":[125],"relaxation":[126],"(SDR)":[127],"method":[128,171],"make":[130],"formulated":[132],"non-convex":[133],"problem":[134],"convex,":[135],"obtain":[137],"solution":[139],"barrier":[142],"method.":[143],"also":[145],"study":[146],"impact":[148],"imperfect":[150],"WCSI.":[151],"address":[153],"uncertain":[155],"estimate":[156],"error,":[157],"S-Procedure":[161],"reformulate":[163],"constraints":[165],"linearly":[166],"primal-dual":[169],"interior-point":[170],"for":[172],"near-optimal":[174],"solution.":[175],"conduct":[177],"extensive":[178],"numerical":[179],"experiments":[180],"confirm":[182],"our":[184],"work":[185],"outperforms":[186],"state-of-the-art":[188],"ones.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}