{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380520348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3285772","title":"Probabilistic Constellation Shaping for Molecular Communications","display_name":"Probabilistic Constellation Shaping for Molecular Communications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380520348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3285772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3285772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3285772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014757499","display_name":"Yuankun Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5762-1201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuankun Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Next Generation Wireless Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Next Generation Wireless Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013766144","display_name":"Fei Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1549-3322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065457510","display_name":"Miaowen Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miaowen Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Short-Range Wireless Detection and Communication, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Short-Range Wireless Detection and Communication, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012151081","display_name":"Qianqian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0813-6810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianqian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Short-Range Wireless Detection and Communication, Guangzhou, China","College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Short-Range Wireless Detection and Communication, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079863632","display_name":"Chan\u2010Byoung Chae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9561-3341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Byoung Chae","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329747","display_name":"Lie\u2010Liang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-9327"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lie-Liang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Next Generation Wireless Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Next Generation Wireless Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014757499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72655674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"9","first_page":"5124","last_page":"5136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6579645872116089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6306806802749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-communication","display_name":"Molecular communication","score":0.5185397267341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5124426484107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.5048323273658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.4898955225944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.48098552227020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.4284111261367798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42821216583251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4197545647621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.41065728664398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3797067403793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26787978410720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.24186831712722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2048315405845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1784520149230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13948240876197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13280564546585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10906684398651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08781221508979797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6579645872116089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6306806802749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17037278","display_name":"Molecular communication","level":4,"score":0.5185397267341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5124426484107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.5048323273658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.4898955225944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.48098552227020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4284111261367798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42821216583251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4197545647621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.41065728664398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3797067403793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26787978410720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.24186831712722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2048315405845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1784520149230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13948240876197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13280564546585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10906684398651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08781221508979797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3285772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3285772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:481470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G108985073","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X04047X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1471839284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W016605/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2422336959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P003990/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2490835098","display_name":"Pervasive Wireless Intelligence Beyond the Generations (PerCom)","funder_award_id":"EP/X01228X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3964311364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N004558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6158505172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/D056691/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7083169588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1A5A1027646","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7264393904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021B1515120067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7278993248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00208922","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8269789390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X01228X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W627952176","https://openalex.org/W1503430806","https://openalex.org/W1749807555","https://openalex.org/W1993345390","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2032694667","https://openalex.org/W2047272490","https://openalex.org/W2094288302","https://openalex.org/W2108356704","https://openalex.org/W2117280119","https://openalex.org/W2124556524","https://openalex.org/W2136699933","https://openalex.org/W2142399380","https://openalex.org/W2155909739","https://openalex.org/W2168002711","https://openalex.org/W2169061810","https://openalex.org/W2171125625","https://openalex.org/W2478708596","https://openalex.org/W2505777393","https://openalex.org/W2565758905","https://openalex.org/W2793650802","https://openalex.org/W2808930142","https://openalex.org/W2884143675","https://openalex.org/W2909246250","https://openalex.org/W2913859666","https://openalex.org/W2943731323","https://openalex.org/W2949673699","https://openalex.org/W2962833680","https://openalex.org/W2984693532","https://openalex.org/W3048248372","https://openalex.org/W3082912967","https://openalex.org/W3100991707","https://openalex.org/W3106133278","https://openalex.org/W3118584260","https://openalex.org/W3127309012","https://openalex.org/W3158601368","https://openalex.org/W3166945561","https://openalex.org/W3199300603","https://openalex.org/W3207473375","https://openalex.org/W4365801828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163496989","https://openalex.org/W2054910325","https://openalex.org/W3135645983","https://openalex.org/W3000508184","https://openalex.org/W2554633690","https://openalex.org/W2283480350","https://openalex.org/W1493890705","https://openalex.org/W2782595656","https://openalex.org/W2052126869","https://openalex.org/W2610758737"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Molecular":[0],"communication":[1],"(MC)":[2],"is":[3,22,31,71,154,168],"an":[4,87,94,185],"emerging":[5],"field":[6],"aiming":[7],"at":[8,184],"realizing":[9],"information":[10,108],"exchange":[11],"via":[12],"chemical":[13],"signals":[14],"between":[15],"nanomachines":[16],"in":[17,49,86],"nanonetworks.":[18],"Information":[19],"transmission":[20],"that":[21,42,160],"energy-efficient":[23,88,170],"and":[24,98,117,138],"relies":[25],"on":[26,39],"relatively":[27],"low-complexity":[28,150],"transceiver":[29],"techniques":[30],"of":[32,127,179,188],"practical":[33],"importance":[34],"for":[35,66,96,142],"MC":[36],"systems.":[37],"Based":[38],"the":[40,62,75,79,100,124,143,161,165,172],"fact":[41],"constellation":[43,64],"shaping":[44,65,177],"can":[45],"improve":[46],"energy":[47],"efficiency,":[48],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"we":[52,92,110],"propose":[53,93],"a":[54,112,118,149],"molecular":[55],"shell":[56],"mapping":[57],"(MSM)":[58],"scheme":[59],"to":[60,73,103,122,181],"implement":[61],"probabilistic":[63],"MC.":[67],"The":[68],"MSM":[69,166],"method":[70,153,167],"designed":[72],"exploit":[74],"concentration":[76,101],"sequences":[77,102],"with":[78],"lowest":[80],"sum":[81],"sequence":[82],"weight,":[83],"which":[84],"results":[85,158],"signal":[89],"constellation.":[90],"Furthermore,":[91],"algorithm":[95],"selecting":[97],"sorting":[99],"mitigate":[104],"inter-symbol":[105],"interference.":[106],"For":[107],"detection,":[109],"design":[111],"genie-aided":[113],"maximum-likelihood":[114],"(ML)":[115],"detector":[116,121],"realistic":[119],"ML":[120,151],"leverage":[123],"constructive":[125],"effect":[126],"intra-sequence":[128],"interference,":[129],"as":[130,132],"well":[131],"derive":[133],"their":[134],"bit":[135],"error":[136],"rates":[137],"achievable":[139],"rates.":[140],"Additionally,":[141],"applications":[144],"using":[145,164],"large":[146],"blocklength":[147,187],"sequences,":[148],"detection":[152],"proposed.":[155],"Numerical":[156],"simulation":[157],"confirm":[159],"shaped":[162],"signaling":[163],"more":[169],"than":[171],"conventional":[173],"equiprobable":[174],"signaling,":[175],"achieving":[176],"gains":[178],"up":[180],"1.5":[182],"dB":[183],"ultra-short":[186],"4.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
