{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379622780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3283792","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Empowers Wireless Powered Mobile Edge Computing: Towards Energy-Aware Online Offloading","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Empowers Wireless Powered Mobile Edge Computing: Towards Energy-Aware Online Offloading","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379622780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3283792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3283792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3283792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029319881","display_name":"Xianlong Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-4259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianlong Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-4259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yating Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4847-7396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yating Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4847-7396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055813479","display_name":"Songtao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-4871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songtao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038789107","display_name":"Hong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-5713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63371133","display_name":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t001k65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003181030","display_name":"Haipeng Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-8187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haipeng Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-8187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101899595","display_name":"Mingyan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-4872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-4872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000555267","display_name":"Pengzhan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8796-5969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengzhan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8796-5969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86740959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"9","first_page":"5214","last_page":"5227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.793114423751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7553184628486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.6583943367004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5569524168968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4977624714374542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.48572832345962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4793553948402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-algorithm","display_name":"Online algorithm","score":0.45843157172203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.4544033706188202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4231155812740326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.41473960876464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3226483166217804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.27512556314468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21010538935661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1600002646446228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.793114423751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7553184628486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6583943367004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5569524168968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4977624714374542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.48572832345962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4793553948402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196921405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786431","display_name":"Online algorithm","level":2,"score":0.45843157172203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.4544033706188202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4231155812740326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.41473960876464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3226483166217804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.27512556314468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21010538935661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1600002646446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3283792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2023.3283792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1855217396","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1880356491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4747258872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62203077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G66609307","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u7ee7\u5e72\u6270\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u643a\u80fd\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7048696448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W914916633","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1549998098","https://openalex.org/W2069211379","https://openalex.org/W2116175219","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2608659040","https://openalex.org/W2758449705","https://openalex.org/W2777180355","https://openalex.org/W2784465508","https://openalex.org/W2808381205","https://openalex.org/W2900703377","https://openalex.org/W2901631215","https://openalex.org/W2914136850","https://openalex.org/W2962856838","https://openalex.org/W2963060851","https://openalex.org/W2964052915","https://openalex.org/W2964054168","https://openalex.org/W2977266194","https://openalex.org/W2995602466","https://openalex.org/W2999376649","https://openalex.org/W3017518089","https://openalex.org/W3030218575","https://openalex.org/W3045974711","https://openalex.org/W3094093388","https://openalex.org/W3094158180","https://openalex.org/W3094809434","https://openalex.org/W3107559527","https://openalex.org/W3168768468","https://openalex.org/W3172247901","https://openalex.org/W3184626072","https://openalex.org/W3195343898","https://openalex.org/W3208664983","https://openalex.org/W3214976678","https://openalex.org/W4226263557","https://openalex.org/W4283207940","https://openalex.org/W4283219818","https://openalex.org/W4283220049","https://openalex.org/W4283221139","https://openalex.org/W4295934714","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6723184371","https://openalex.org/W6747790125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206669594","https://openalex.org/W3011182939","https://openalex.org/W4226470542","https://openalex.org/W2959276766","https://openalex.org/W3111983280","https://openalex.org/W2985806335","https://openalex.org/W4287990712","https://openalex.org/W3074294383","https://openalex.org/W3124943657","https://openalex.org/W2885300511"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"integration":[1],"of":[2,24,26,38,192],"wireless":[3,12,54],"power":[4],"transmission":[5],"and":[6,42,76,122,146,150,177,194],"mobile":[7],"edge":[8],"computing":[9],"(MEC)":[10],"promotes":[11],"powered":[13],"MEC":[14],"to":[15,73,80,99,130,153],"become":[16],"a":[17,62,118,139],"new":[18],"research":[19],"hotspot":[20],"in":[21,51,67],"the":[22,34,93,112,124,132,148,155,161,189],"field":[23],"Internet":[25],"Things.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29,89],"paper,":[30],"we":[31,91],"focus":[32],"on":[33],"joint":[35],"optimization":[36,84],"problem":[37,66],"online":[39,103,113],"offloading":[40,104,114,156],"decision":[41,115,142],"charging":[43,133],"resource":[44,134],"allocation":[45],"for":[46],"minimizing":[47],"task":[48],"accomplishing":[49],"time":[50],"dynamic":[52],"time-varying":[53],"channel":[55],"scenarios.":[56],"The":[57],"optimal":[58],"solution":[59,126],"involves":[60],"addressing":[61],"mixed":[63],"integer":[64],"programming":[65],"real":[68],"time,":[69],"which":[70,186],"is":[71],"proved":[72],"be":[74],"NP-hard,":[75],"imposes":[77],"nontrivial":[78],"challenges":[79],"design":[81],"with":[82,160,181],"conventional":[83],"methods.":[85],"To":[86],"efficiently":[87],"address":[88],"problem,":[90],"leverage":[92],"deep":[94],"reinforcement":[95],"learning":[96],"(DRL)":[97],"technology":[98,152],"propose":[100,138],"an":[101],"energy-aware":[102],"algorithm":[105,109,172],"called":[106],"EAOO.":[107],"EAOO":[108,171],"learns":[110],"empirically":[111],"policies":[116],"via":[117],"well-designed":[119],"DRL":[120],"framework,":[121],"adopts":[123],"feasible":[125,141],"region":[127],"analysis":[128],"method":[129],"implement":[131],"allocation.":[135],"We":[136],"further":[137],"novel":[140],"vector":[143,157],"generation":[144],"method,":[145],"incorporate":[147],"crossover":[149],"mutation":[151],"expand":[154],"search":[158],"space":[159],"provable":[162],"feasibility":[163],"guarantee.":[164],"Extensive":[165],"experimental":[166],"results":[167],"show":[168],"that,":[169],"our":[170],"outperforms":[173],"existing":[174],"baseline":[175],"algorithms,":[176],"achieves":[178],"near-optimal":[179],"performance":[180],"low":[182],"CPU":[183],"execution":[184],"latency,":[185],"well":[187],"satisfies":[188],"practical":[190],"requirements":[191],"real-time":[193],"efficiency.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}