{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283465720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3228290","title":"Communication by Means of Thermal Noise: Toward Networks With Extremely Low Power Consumption","display_name":"Communication by Means of Thermal Noise: Toward Networks With Extremely Low Power Consumption","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283465720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3228290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2022.3228290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3228290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.11333","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051978835","display_name":"Ertu\u011frul Ba\u015far","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ertugrul Basar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Koç University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Communications Research and Innovation Laboratory (CoreLab), Koç University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051978835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91954538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"688","last_page":"699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13748","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6874404549598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6700780391693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6061055064201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5739678144454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5671855211257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-input-noise-temperature","display_name":"Effective input noise temperature","score":0.4828248918056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.47002267837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.46210938692092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4560541808605194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44508102536201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-figure","display_name":"Noise figure","score":0.43431252241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-power","display_name":"Noise power","score":0.4331935942173004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-floor","display_name":"Noise floor","score":0.40714049339294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34400880336761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.28326416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28304868936538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2758355140686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.23680827021598816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.17469212412834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0985589325428009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6874404549598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6700780391693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6061055064201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5739678144454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5671855211257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12252657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347266","display_name":"Effective input noise temperature","level":5,"score":0.4828248918056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.47002267837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.46210938692092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4560541808605194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44508102536201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746825","display_name":"Noise figure","level":4,"score":0.43431252241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203234222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133519","display_name":"Noise power","level":3,"score":0.4331935942173004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187612029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083130","display_name":"Noise floor","level":4,"score":0.40714049339294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34400880336761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28326416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28304868936538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2758355140686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.23680827021598816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.17469212412834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0985589325428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2022.3228290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3228290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2206.11333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.11333","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.11333","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2206.11333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.11333","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.11333","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1551219321","https://openalex.org/W1907661546","https://openalex.org/W1980022749","https://openalex.org/W1995962298","https://openalex.org/W2000428695","https://openalex.org/W2019387971","https://openalex.org/W2046095519","https://openalex.org/W2086081465","https://openalex.org/W2099461393","https://openalex.org/W2118554357","https://openalex.org/W2154549916","https://openalex.org/W2155116500","https://openalex.org/W2157903917","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2797140162","https://openalex.org/W2925262016","https://openalex.org/W2950302183","https://openalex.org/W2963973401","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W3021459455","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3092067816","https://openalex.org/W3104964198","https://openalex.org/W3104976600","https://openalex.org/W3208229673","https://openalex.org/W3212274210","https://openalex.org/W4256596846","https://openalex.org/W6803228495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988257008","https://openalex.org/W2025552042","https://openalex.org/W2180056344","https://openalex.org/W2516758624","https://openalex.org/W1773360997","https://openalex.org/W2131605039","https://openalex.org/W4229646334","https://openalex.org/W2742666096","https://openalex.org/W1950320085","https://openalex.org/W2541054142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,66,123],"paradigm":[4],"of":[5,79,121,134],"thermal":[6,39,91],"noise":[7,52,92,104,127,135],"communication":[8,24],"(TherCom)":[9],"is":[10,117],"put":[11],"forward":[12],"for":[13],"future":[14],"wired/wireless":[15],"networks":[16],"with":[17,112,131],"extremely":[18],"low":[19],"power":[20],"consumption.":[21],"Taking":[22],"backscatter":[23],"(BackCom)":[25],"and":[26,71,89,98],"reconfigurable":[27],"intelligent":[28],"surface":[29],"(RIS)-based":[30],"radio":[31],"frequency":[32],"chain-free":[33],"transmitters":[34],"one":[35],"step":[36],"further,":[37],"a":[38,118],"noise-driven":[40],"transmitter":[41],"might":[42],"enable":[43],"zero-signal-power":[44],"transmission":[45],"by":[46,108],"simply":[47],"indexing":[48],"resistors":[49],"or":[50],"other":[51],"sources":[53],"according":[54],"to":[55,62],"information":[56,125],"bits.":[57],"This":[58],"preliminary":[59],"paper":[60],"aims":[61],"shed":[63],"light":[64],"on":[65],"theoretical":[67,97],"foundations,":[68],"transceiver":[69],"designs,":[70],"error":[72],"performance":[73],"derivations":[74],"as":[75,77],"well":[76],"optimizations":[78],"two":[80],"emerging":[81],"TherCom":[82],"solutions:":[83],"Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise":[84],"(KLJN)":[85],"secure":[86],"bit":[87],"exchange":[88],"wireless":[90],"modulation":[93],"(TherMod)":[94],"schemes.":[95],"Our":[96],"computer":[99],"simulation":[100],"findings":[101],"reveal":[102],"that":[103],"variance":[105,110],"detection,":[106],"supported":[107],"sample":[109],"estimation":[111],"carefully":[113],"optimized":[114],"decision":[115],"thresholds,":[116],"reliable":[119],"way":[120],"extracting":[122],"embedded":[124],"from":[126],"modulated":[128],"signals,":[129],"even":[130],"limited":[132],"number":[133],"samples.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2022-06-26T00:00:00"}