{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312964763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3223697","title":"Hybrid Circular Array and Luneberg Lens for Long-Distance OAM Wireless Communications","display_name":"Hybrid Circular Array and Luneberg Lens for Long-Distance OAM Wireless Communications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312964763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3223697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2022.3223697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3223697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403637","display_name":"Rui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2628-5847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ISN, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-7902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ISN, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101772693","display_name":"Jiaxing Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks (ISN), Xidian University, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks (ISN), Xidian University, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046974161","display_name":"Wen-Xuan Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Xuan Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunication Engineering, Xidian University, Shaanxi, China","Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunication Engineering, Xidian University, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653327","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1059-3642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1059-3642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100403637"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94578411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"1","first_page":"485","last_page":"497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.6140468716621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6077606678009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.578216552734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.5187292695045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.49974846839904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4771163761615753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.463786244392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angular-momentum","display_name":"Angular momentum","score":0.45919716358184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.44703614711761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4242130517959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39198607206344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3435901403427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3207741379737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3084094822406769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2675875723361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.16690069437026978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13303151726722717}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6140468716621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6077606678009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.578216552734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.5187292695045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.49974846839904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4771163761615753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.463786244392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155675718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161254","display_name":"Angular momentum","level":2,"score":0.45919716358184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.44703614711761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4242130517959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39198607206344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3435901403427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3207741379737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3084094822406769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2675875723361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.16690069437026978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13303151726722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2022.3223697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3223697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2792351966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515010812","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5341903352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202106960020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G600506122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021JZ-18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6240911823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7942510794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021D04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336270","funder_display_name":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336270","display_name":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657821752","https://openalex.org/W1987391961","https://openalex.org/W1996510278","https://openalex.org/W2026654251","https://openalex.org/W2038854086","https://openalex.org/W2089537951","https://openalex.org/W2097958326","https://openalex.org/W2124252998","https://openalex.org/W2130091446","https://openalex.org/W2165827806","https://openalex.org/W2169481269","https://openalex.org/W2265741584","https://openalex.org/W2336343894","https://openalex.org/W2562453545","https://openalex.org/W2595646485","https://openalex.org/W2765339253","https://openalex.org/W2783098313","https://openalex.org/W2786317177","https://openalex.org/W2883627526","https://openalex.org/W2888973790","https://openalex.org/W2893574345","https://openalex.org/W2912640124","https://openalex.org/W2917275087","https://openalex.org/W2920956242","https://openalex.org/W2922482845","https://openalex.org/W2960979840","https://openalex.org/W2963971685","https://openalex.org/W3021628585","https://openalex.org/W3041101992","https://openalex.org/W3042274457","https://openalex.org/W3104603384","https://openalex.org/W3116473910","https://openalex.org/W3118514023","https://openalex.org/W3121795451","https://openalex.org/W3128759481","https://openalex.org/W3139458362","https://openalex.org/W3149471105","https://openalex.org/W3166046608","https://openalex.org/W3184718517","https://openalex.org/W3207985261","https://openalex.org/W4232689728"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971164355","https://openalex.org/W2944438779","https://openalex.org/W1968354488","https://openalex.org/W2368137348","https://openalex.org/W2480644188","https://openalex.org/W2081912465","https://openalex.org/W2155052994","https://openalex.org/W3210056072","https://openalex.org/W1935834266","https://openalex.org/W4309995551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,51,59,76,144,149],"new":[2],"degree":[3],"of":[4,14,20,32,84,174,211,223,244,263],"freedom":[5],"(DOF),":[6],"orbital":[7],"angular":[8],"momentum":[9],"(OAM)":[10],"has":[11],"the":[12,17,25,30,40,64,82,87,94,110,116,126,160,166,171,182,194,199,208,212,224,230,242,245,250,264,268],"potential":[13],"greatly":[15],"enhancing":[16],"channel":[18,209],"capacity":[19],"wireless":[21,168],"communication":[22,78,100,169,203,216],"systems.":[23],"However,":[24,107],"OAM":[26,36,41,73,85,99,104,128,167,176,196,202,215,227,246],"beams":[27,42,74,177],"diverge":[28],"with":[29,44,50,70,148,249,267],"increase":[31],"transmission":[33],"distance":[34],"and":[35,153,181,237,256],"mode,":[37],"which":[38],"makes":[39],"modulated":[43],"information":[45],"difficult":[46],"to":[47,102,109,115,189],"be":[48,190],"received":[49,183],"limited":[52],"aperture":[53,113],"array.":[54],"Therefore,":[55,207],"there":[56],"is":[57,91,163,187,258],"still":[58],"big":[60],"challenge":[61],"for":[62,93],"achieving":[63],"expected":[65,188],"extremely":[66],"high":[67],"data":[68],"rate":[69],"orthogonal":[71],"multiplexed":[72,195],"in":[75,165,198,229],"long-distance":[77,231],"link.":[79],"To":[80,138],"reduce":[81],"divergence":[83,172],"beams,":[86],"spherical":[88,154],"Luneberg":[89,117,136,155],"lens":[90,156],"proposed":[92,200,213],"uniform":[95],"circular":[96,146],"array":[97,147],"(UCA)-based":[98],"system":[101,204,228,247,265],"realize":[103],"beam":[105,129],"convergence.":[106],"due":[108],"non-negligible":[111],"UCA":[112],"relative":[114],"lens,":[118],"we":[119,142],"find":[120],"through":[121,135],"electromagnetism":[122],"(EM)":[123],"simulation":[124,238],"that":[125,222,241,262],"0-mode":[127],"becomes":[130],"more":[131],"divergent":[132],"after":[133],"passing":[134],"lens.":[137],"solve":[139],"this":[140],"problem,":[141],"propose":[143],"hybrid":[145],"center":[150],"element":[151],"(CAC)":[152],"(HCCL)":[157],"structure.":[158],"When":[159],"HCCL":[161,251,269],"structure":[162,252,270],"applied":[164],"system,":[170],"angles":[173],"generated":[175],"are":[178,218],"significantly":[179,191,259],"reduced,":[180],"signal-to-noise":[184],"ratio":[185],"(SNR)":[186],"improved.":[192],"Besides,":[193],"modes":[197],"HCCL-based":[201,214],"keep":[205],"orthogonal.":[206],"capacities":[210],"systems":[217],"obviously":[219],"better":[220,260],"than":[221,261],"existing":[225],"UCA-based":[226],"transmission.":[232],"Furthermore,":[233],"both":[234,253],"numerical":[235],"analysis":[236],"results":[239],"validate":[240],"performance":[243],"equipped":[248,266],"at":[254,271],"transmitter":[255],"receiver":[257],"one":[272],"side":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}