{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285115932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3173369","title":"UAV Swarm-Enabled Aerial Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization","display_name":"UAV Swarm-Enabled Aerial Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285115932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3173369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2022.3173369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3173369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066897459","display_name":"Bodong Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-0017"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bodong Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071876359","display_name":"Elizabeth Serena Bentley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0972-9933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Serena Bentley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Information Directorate, Rome, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Information Directorate, Rome, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027237940","display_name":"Lingjia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1915-1784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingjia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066897459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4057,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93064635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"6","first_page":"3621","last_page":"3636"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7654526233673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7114269733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5678448677062988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5549514889717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.43886834383010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4346543848514557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3619125485420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2985396981239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1465422511100769}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7654526233673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7114269733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5678448677062988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5549514889717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.43886834383010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4346543848514557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3619125485420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2985396981239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1465422511100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2022.3173369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3173369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2687584503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1811720","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2909244467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-18-1-0175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964590153","https://openalex.org/W1970830346","https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2788428941","https://openalex.org/W2962889437","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2972876874","https://openalex.org/W2980954847","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3000577820","https://openalex.org/W3012319098","https://openalex.org/W3014106348","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3026439725","https://openalex.org/W3030504717","https://openalex.org/W3036079579","https://openalex.org/W3045387830","https://openalex.org/W3048215566","https://openalex.org/W3085794392","https://openalex.org/W3093728622","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3109039904","https://openalex.org/W3110923842","https://openalex.org/W3127940641","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3152632745","https://openalex.org/W3207916696","https://openalex.org/W4250739957","https://openalex.org/W6777631306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1535080110","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W4223416141","https://openalex.org/W2546639359","https://openalex.org/W1922070205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surface":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"offers":[4],"tremendous":[5],"spectrum-and-energy":[6],"efficiency":[7],"in":[8,57,182],"wireless":[9],"networks.":[10],"With":[11],"the":[12,43,46,50,89,96,104,108,112,143,152,159,167,170,175,183,187,192],"agility":[13],"and":[14,38,49,68,119,126,157,191],"mobility":[15],"of":[16,45,88,99,115,161,169],"an":[17],"unmanned":[18],"aerial":[19,61,80],"vehicle":[20],"(UAV),":[21],"RIS":[22,62,81],"can":[23],"be":[24,55],"mounted":[25],"on":[26],"a":[27,58,77,179],"UAV":[28,78],"to":[29,64,94],"enable":[30],"three-dimensional":[31],"(3D)":[32],"signal":[33],"reflections,":[34],"reliable":[35],"air-ground":[36,70],"connections,":[37],"higher":[39],"configuration":[40],"flexibility.":[41],"However,":[42],"scalability":[44],"aperture":[47],"gain":[48],"spatial":[51],"multiplexing":[52],"could":[53],"not":[54],"guaranteed":[56],"single":[59],"UAV-enabled":[60],"due":[63],"UAV\u2019s":[65],"limited":[66],"payload":[67],"line-of-sight-dominated":[69],"connection.":[71],"In":[72,173],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75,130],"study":[76],"swarm-enabled":[79],"(SARIS)-assisted":[82],"downlink":[83],"communication":[84],"system.":[85],"The":[86],"objective":[87],"considered":[90],"SARIS":[91,116,120,127,140,145,176],"system":[92,184],"is":[93,148],"maximize":[95],"weighted":[97],"sum-rate":[98],"ground":[100,162],"users":[101,190],"by":[102,150],"designing":[103],"transmit":[105],"beamforming":[106,128,133],"at":[107],"base":[109],"station":[110],"(BS),":[111],"phase":[113],"shifts":[114],"reflecting":[117],"elements,":[118],"3D":[121,146],"placement.":[122],"For":[123,139],"joint":[124],"BS":[125,193],"design,":[129,142],"introduce":[131],"two":[132],"schemes":[134],"with":[135],"low":[136],"computational":[137],"complexity.":[138],"placement":[141,177],"optimal":[144],"position":[147],"obtained":[149],"leveraging":[151],"tools":[153],"from":[154],"stochastic":[155],"geometry":[156],"considering":[158],"distributions":[160],"users.":[163],"Simulation":[164],"results":[165],"confirm":[166],"validity":[168],"analytical":[171],"derivations.":[172],"particular,":[174],"plays":[178],"vital":[180],"role":[181],"performance":[185],"when":[186],"distances":[188],"between":[189],"increase.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-29T08:15:47.926485","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}