{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208109893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3123275","title":"Distributed Online Optimization of Edge Computing With Mixed Power Supply of Renewable Energy and Smart Grid","display_name":"Distributed Online Optimization of Edge Computing With Mixed Power Supply of Renewable Energy and Smart Grid","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208109893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3123275","mag":"3208109893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3123275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3123275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438225","display_name":"Xiaojing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-3149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-3149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014527623","display_name":"Hanfei Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-1548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanfei Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-1548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021527965","display_name":"Wei Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-594X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-594X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019052479","display_name":"Shunqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-9235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-9235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-3845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-3845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084521046","display_name":"Shugong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-6269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shugong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-6269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065373445","display_name":"Qingqi Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-5434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqi Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","State Key Laboratory of ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-5434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90556118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"389","last_page":"403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7003387212753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6770105957984924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5409247875213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5073768496513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.47326353192329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.47109612822532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.46573203802108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgradient-method","display_name":"Subgradient method","score":0.42161810398101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4111224114894867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3591823875904083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.28446826338768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17241665720939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15716210007667542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10753226280212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10505911707878113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7003387212753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6770105957984924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5409247875213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5073768496513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.47326353192329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.47109612822532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.46573203802108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158968445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631150","display_name":"Subgradient method","level":2,"score":0.42161810398101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4111224114894867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3591823875904083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.28446826338768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17241665720939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15716210007667542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10753226280212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10505911707878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3123275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3123275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1345106061","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u57fa\u5e26-\u5c04\u9891\u8054\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u65e0\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3268789355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4539599456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20511106603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5166249177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20JC1416400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6650064338","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u975e\u5e73\u7a33\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u6548\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8149621590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21ZR1422400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8292956318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62132013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994637609","https://openalex.org/W2005147352","https://openalex.org/W2008668719","https://openalex.org/W2020279330","https://openalex.org/W2048085362","https://openalex.org/W2065841231","https://openalex.org/W2080637564","https://openalex.org/W2082011829","https://openalex.org/W2105547551","https://openalex.org/W2120407858","https://openalex.org/W2127968242","https://openalex.org/W2150516182","https://openalex.org/W2160929572","https://openalex.org/W2276903495","https://openalex.org/W2344456107","https://openalex.org/W2397723600","https://openalex.org/W2400861403","https://openalex.org/W2509457832","https://openalex.org/W2517132956","https://openalex.org/W2777180355","https://openalex.org/W2794157223","https://openalex.org/W2806813423","https://openalex.org/W2873779994","https://openalex.org/W2897028151","https://openalex.org/W2897503274","https://openalex.org/W2900703377","https://openalex.org/W2910646218","https://openalex.org/W2962685298","https://openalex.org/W2962855623","https://openalex.org/W2963215687","https://openalex.org/W2963477597","https://openalex.org/W2963869198","https://openalex.org/W2964000600","https://openalex.org/W2964098968","https://openalex.org/W2967617368","https://openalex.org/W2999376649","https://openalex.org/W3156008767","https://openalex.org/W3169704022","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4254521933","https://openalex.org/W4297972233","https://openalex.org/W4301852635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359120930","https://openalex.org/W2037613239","https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W2979760315","https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W4386004629","https://openalex.org/W2942586735","https://openalex.org/W2956163139","https://openalex.org/W4321606826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Edge":[0],"infrastructures,":[1],"including":[2],"edge":[3,68,126],"computing":[4],"servers,":[5],"are":[6,150],"increasingly":[7],"powered":[8],"by":[9,195],"renewable":[10,25],"energy":[11,17,26,77,80,140],"and":[12,33,46,60,70,79,115,124,138,154,157,172],"smart":[13,35,148],"grid":[14],"combined.":[15],"Two-way":[16],"trading":[18,141],"allows":[19],"the":[20,34,95,101,104,112,118,122,125,128,133,136,139,144,147,167,189,192],"surplus":[21],"or":[22],"shortfall":[23],"of":[24,103,121,132,143,180],"to":[27,41,74,99,200],"be":[28],"traded":[29],"between":[30],"a":[31,51,84,107,170,177],"server":[32,69,105,145],"grid,":[36],"but":[37],"is":[38,91],"non-trivial":[39],"due":[40],"randomly":[42],"varying":[43],"computation":[44],"demands":[45],"renewables.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"new":[52],"online":[53,57],"policy,":[54],"namely,":[55],"distributed":[56,86],"resource":[58],"allocation":[59],"load":[61],"management":[62],"(DORL),":[63],"which":[64],"enables":[65],"such":[66],"an":[67,160],"its":[71],"serving":[72],"devices":[73,123,134],"minimize":[75],"their":[76],"cost":[78,194],"consumption,":[81],"respectively,":[82],"in":[83],"fully":[85],"manner.":[87],"The":[88],"key":[89],"idea":[90],"that":[92,166,188],"we":[93,164],"employ":[94],"stochastic":[96],"dual-subgradient":[97],"method":[98],"interpret":[100],"battery":[102],"as":[106,198],"virtual":[108,113],"queue.":[109],"Based":[110],"on":[111,159],"queue":[114],"task":[116],"queues,":[117],"CPU":[119],"frequencies":[120],"server,":[127],"offloading":[129],"transmit":[130],"rates":[131],"(to":[135],"server)":[137],"decisions":[142],"(with":[146],"grid)":[149],"decoupled":[151],"over":[152],"time":[153],"among":[155],"devices,":[156],"optimized":[158],"ongoing":[161],"basis.":[162],"Furthermore,":[163],"prove":[165],"DORL":[168,190],"yields":[169],"feasible":[171],"asymptotically":[173],"optimal":[174],"solution":[175],"with":[176],"cost-backlog":[178],"tradeoff":[179],"<inline-formula>":[181],"<tex-math":[182],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$[\\eta,":[183],"1/\\eta]$":[184],"</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[185],"Simulations":[186],"show":[187],"reduces":[191],"system":[193],"nearly":[196],"50&#x0025;,":[197],"compared":[199],"existing":[201],"benchmarks.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
