{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195434848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106676","title":"Hybrid-ARQ Protocols Based on Tornado Codes for the Packet Erasure Channel","display_name":"Hybrid-ARQ Protocols Based on Tornado Codes for the Packet Erasure Channel","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195434848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106676","mag":"3195434848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074388384","display_name":"Srinath Puducheri-Sundaravaradhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-161X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127325","display_name":"Broadcom (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/035gt5s03","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinath Puducheri-Sundaravaradhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broadcom Inc, San Jose, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-161X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broadcom Inc, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002338945","display_name":"Thomas E. Fuja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-8499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas E. Fuja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-8499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59461276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"11","first_page":"7139","last_page":"7153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erasure","display_name":"Erasure","score":0.7301343083381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6961334943771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-automatic-repeat-request","display_name":"Hybrid automatic repeat request","score":0.6764959096908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-repeat-request","display_name":"Automatic repeat request","score":0.6288152933120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fountain-code","display_name":"Fountain code","score":0.5861051082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-error-correction","display_name":"Forward error correction","score":0.4687977433204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-repeat-arq","display_name":"Selective Repeat ARQ","score":0.45556876063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erasure-code","display_name":"Erasure code","score":0.45070382952690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4371834993362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4335474371910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4268338680267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36223965883255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.36036771535873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3310631513595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.25759562849998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16327208280563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.11405804753303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.09599575400352478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778790127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484885","display_name":"Erasure","level":2,"score":0.7301343083381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6961334943771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118437007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1017139","display_name":"Hybrid automatic repeat request","level":3,"score":0.6764959096908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171952454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29522","display_name":"Automatic repeat request","level":4,"score":0.6288152933120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76132124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474786","display_name":"Fountain code","level":5,"score":0.5861051082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202932441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55611017","display_name":"Forward error correction","level":3,"score":0.4687977433204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91739489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7447752","display_name":"Selective Repeat ARQ","level":5,"score":0.45556876063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137529215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5385031","display_name":"Erasure code","level":3,"score":0.45070382952690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4371834993362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4335474371910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4268338680267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36223965883255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.36036771535873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3310631513595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.25759562849998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16327208280563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.11405804753303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.09599575400352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3351922188","display_name":"Collaborative Research: New Directions in Graph-Based Code Design","funder_award_id":"0830650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47222326","https://openalex.org/W1493541001","https://openalex.org/W1512056429","https://openalex.org/W1699687879","https://openalex.org/W1867331094","https://openalex.org/W1966533463","https://openalex.org/W1968720239","https://openalex.org/W1989008275","https://openalex.org/W2004376844","https://openalex.org/W2022381080","https://openalex.org/W2025457751","https://openalex.org/W2029268759","https://openalex.org/W2070609206","https://openalex.org/W2095882513","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2099763944","https://openalex.org/W2102810556","https://openalex.org/W2109202834","https://openalex.org/W2115104320","https://openalex.org/W2120961360","https://openalex.org/W2132314558","https://openalex.org/W2136307214","https://openalex.org/W2142901448","https://openalex.org/W2145118110","https://openalex.org/W2148575324","https://openalex.org/W2154734383","https://openalex.org/W2162774609","https://openalex.org/W2165573107","https://openalex.org/W2270459251","https://openalex.org/W2281525534","https://openalex.org/W2296125569","https://openalex.org/W2296600582","https://openalex.org/W2519202371","https://openalex.org/W2562965985","https://openalex.org/W2892063590","https://openalex.org/W2906127699","https://openalex.org/W3120441823","https://openalex.org/W4229922087","https://openalex.org/W4241610738","https://openalex.org/W6629343882","https://openalex.org/W6657651502","https://openalex.org/W6693863209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W25248209","https://openalex.org/W1704230881","https://openalex.org/W2025662109","https://openalex.org/W2050206424","https://openalex.org/W2169076848","https://openalex.org/W2122398137","https://openalex.org/W1517398983","https://openalex.org/W2112654450","https://openalex.org/W2360639991","https://openalex.org/W2112929928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lossless":[0],"data":[1],"transfer":[2],"over":[3,142],"communication":[4],"networks":[5],"has":[6],"traditionally":[7],"been":[8,57],"achieved":[9],"by":[10],"means":[11,169],"of":[12,35,69,80,100,104,111,117,146,170],"ARQ":[13,53,82],"protocols.":[14],"However,":[15],"the":[16,33,67,164],"last":[17],"ten":[18],"years":[19],"have":[20,55],"seen":[21],"an":[22,30],"increasing":[23],"interest":[24],"in":[25,63],"using":[26],"erasure-correcting":[27],"codes":[28,113,121],"as":[29,47,49,59],"alternative,":[31],"with":[32],"goal":[34],"reducing":[36],"latency,":[37],"feedback":[38],"overhead,":[39],"etc.":[40],"Since":[41],"these":[42,149],"two":[43,93],"approaches":[44,141],"possess":[45],"advantages":[46],"well":[48],"drawbacks,":[50],"several":[51],"hybrid":[52,81,107],"schemes":[54,108,132,150,166],"also":[56],"proposed":[58,165],"good":[60],"compromise":[61],"solutions,":[62],"order":[64],"to":[65,154],"attain":[66],"\u201cbest":[68],"both":[70],"worlds\u201d.":[71],"Extending":[72],"this":[73,75],"principle,":[74],"paper":[76],"develops":[77],"new":[78],"classes":[79],"protocols":[83],"for":[84,89,128],"erasure":[85,120],"channels":[86],"that":[87],"allow":[88],"flexible":[90],"trade-offs":[91],"between":[92],"important":[94],"cost":[95,135],"metrics,":[96],"viz.,":[97],"thecomputational":[98],"complexity":[99],"coding,":[101],"and":[102,139,173],"theamount":[103],"feedbackneeded.":[105],"Our":[106],"make":[109],"use":[110],"Tornado":[112],"\u2013":[114,122],"a":[115,143,160],"class":[116],"low-complexity":[118],"capacity-achieving":[119],"whose":[123],"coding":[124,172],"structure":[125],"is":[126],"well-suited":[127],"feedback-based":[129],"communications.":[130],"These":[131],"demonstrate":[133],"significant":[134],"reductions":[136],"versus":[137],"coding-only":[138],"feedback-only":[140],"wide":[144],"region":[145],"interest.":[147],"Moreover,":[148],"are":[151],"easily":[152],"tuned":[153],"achieve":[155],"different":[156],"operating":[157],"points":[158],"on":[159],"trade-off":[161],"curve.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"showcase":[167],"novel":[168],"interweaving":[171],"feedback.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
