{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193940080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106354","title":"UAV-Relayed Covert Communication Towards a Flying Warden","display_name":"UAV-Relayed Covert Communication Towards a Flying Warden","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193940080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106354","mag":"3193940080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101985078","display_name":"Xinying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-8725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029337392","display_name":"Min Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-5063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656619","display_name":"Nan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013867024","display_name":"Wei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-8382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101985078"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":75.5443,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99884366,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"11","first_page":"7659","last_page":"7672"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.9365229606628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.8306071162223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.7875820398330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.7539207935333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.7455324530601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5902107357978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.48827528953552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.41406935453414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41287389397621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39725157618522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3468219041824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30924248695373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2715209722518921}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.9365229606628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.8306071162223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.7875820398330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.7539207935333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.7455324530601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5902107357978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.48827528953552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.41406935453414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41287389397621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39725157618522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3468219041824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30924248695373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2715209722518921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3106354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G155850529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1807002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7825498360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8088524092","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ISN22-22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330485","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330485","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W581334404","https://openalex.org/W2022381648","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2103063389","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2558431499","https://openalex.org/W2767105570","https://openalex.org/W2808367635","https://openalex.org/W2809857136","https://openalex.org/W2896420513","https://openalex.org/W2901790394","https://openalex.org/W2903188535","https://openalex.org/W2906954590","https://openalex.org/W2915414279","https://openalex.org/W2962847915","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2963117265","https://openalex.org/W2981443503","https://openalex.org/W2987093331","https://openalex.org/W2994008524","https://openalex.org/W3003169134","https://openalex.org/W3013032983","https://openalex.org/W3037906744","https://openalex.org/W3043545751","https://openalex.org/W3094136182","https://openalex.org/W3102020296","https://openalex.org/W3102424709","https://openalex.org/W3105141218","https://openalex.org/W3125553008","https://openalex.org/W4210267343","https://openalex.org/W4252558787","https://openalex.org/W6807790622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W59120657","https://openalex.org/W3091795725","https://openalex.org/W2325128397","https://openalex.org/W1531121096","https://openalex.org/W2139615693","https://openalex.org/W2135767944","https://openalex.org/W2384509413","https://openalex.org/W2995861515","https://openalex.org/W3193940080","https://openalex.org/W4210267343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Owing":[0],"to":[1,47,65,74,96,128,175,184,192],"the":[2,23,26,29,34,49,67,72,75,85,90,100,103,110,113,116,120,124,130,136,139,145,152,158,161,167,170,177,182,185,194,197],"ever":[3],"increasing":[4],"of":[5,51,123,132,169,196],"information":[6],"privacy":[7],"requirement,":[8],"covert":[9,52,59,150,200],"communication":[10,60,201],"has":[11],"gained":[12],"more":[13,15],"and":[14,28,37,89,115,138,154,160],"attention,":[16],"whose":[17],"effective":[18,68,178],"range":[19,50],"is":[20,126],"limited":[21],"by":[22],"trade-off":[24],"between":[25],"covertness":[27],"transmit":[30,155],"power.":[31],"Benefiting":[32],"from":[33,71,135,181],"high":[35],"mobility":[36],"easy":[38],"deployment,":[39],"unmanned":[40],"aerial":[41],"vehicles":[42],"(UAVs)":[43],"can":[44,142],"be":[45],"utilized":[46],"expand":[48],"networks.":[53],"Thus,":[54],"we":[55],"propose":[56],"a":[57,79],"UAV-relayed":[58,199],"scheme":[61],"with":[62],"finite":[63],"blocklength":[64,153],"maximize":[66,129,176],"transmission":[69,88,95,179],"bits":[70],"transmitter":[73,83,114,137,159,183],"legitimate":[76,186],"receiver":[77],"against":[78],"flying":[80],"warden.":[81,101],"The":[82],"adopts":[84],"maximum":[86],"ratio":[87],"relay":[91,162],"performs":[92],"Gaussian":[93],"signalling":[94],"cause":[97],"uncertainty":[98],"at":[99,109,157],"First,":[102],"optimal":[104],"detection":[105,173],"thresholds":[106],"are":[107,163,190],"derived":[108],"warden":[111,125],"towards":[112],"relay,":[117,140],"respectively.":[118],"Then,":[119],"hovering":[121],"location":[122],"optimized":[127,165],"summation":[131],"relative":[133],"entropies":[134],"which":[141],"greatly":[143],"threaten":[144],"covertness.":[146],"With":[147],"this":[148],"worst":[149],"situation,":[151],"power":[156],"jointly":[164],"under":[166],"constraint":[168],"end-to-end":[171],"error":[172],"probability":[174],"rate":[180],"receiver.":[187],"Numerical":[188],"results":[189],"provided":[191],"demonstrate":[193],"effectiveness":[195],"proposed":[198],"scheme.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
