{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3189202224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3097726","title":"Deep Learning Optimized Sparse Antenna Activation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Communication","display_name":"Deep Learning Optimized Sparse Antenna Activation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Communication","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3189202224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3097726","mag":"3189202224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3097726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3097726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062714111","display_name":"Shunbo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-410X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shunbo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-410X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101557082","display_name":"Shun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-0771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-0771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050402661","display_name":"Feifei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University (THUAI), Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University (THUAI), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081898263","display_name":"Jianpeng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4452-8881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianpeng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4452-8881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077149719","display_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada","Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062714111"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1508,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98588944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"10","first_page":"6691","last_page":"6705"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7691142559051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6291967034339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6207289099693298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-antenna","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","score":0.5021889209747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49235522747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.48596441745758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.47629228234291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4610622823238373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.35070234537124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.246712327003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2377055287361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2294013500213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22676894068717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.20694148540496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-efficiency","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","score":0.09372159838676453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7691142559051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6291967034339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6207289099693298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.5021889209747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49235522747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.48596441745758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.47629228234291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4610622823238373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.35070234537124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.246712327003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2377055287361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2294013500213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22676894068717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.20694148540496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.09372159838676453}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3097726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3097726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2154842831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871455","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3074403023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3293150855","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61931017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6492265106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1010002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8114187719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1904365287","https://openalex.org/W2792112039","https://openalex.org/W2797569913","https://openalex.org/W2810871807","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2914949576","https://openalex.org/W2916179838","https://openalex.org/W2938113616","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963290405","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2967981090","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2970670564","https://openalex.org/W2980800639","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2995330189","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W2995859189","https://openalex.org/W2997665500","https://openalex.org/W3000522337","https://openalex.org/W3003050920","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3010695123","https://openalex.org/W3011593776","https://openalex.org/W3013594094","https://openalex.org/W3015419519","https://openalex.org/W3019262619","https://openalex.org/W3020513938","https://openalex.org/W3021564798","https://openalex.org/W3023940643","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3034450003","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3035088654","https://openalex.org/W3035192482","https://openalex.org/W3035528699","https://openalex.org/W3035754542","https://openalex.org/W3039790476","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3042598716","https://openalex.org/W3046150221","https://openalex.org/W3049332737","https://openalex.org/W3081215475","https://openalex.org/W3081661410","https://openalex.org/W3100544904","https://openalex.org/W3105141218","https://openalex.org/W3129062696","https://openalex.org/W3129922062","https://openalex.org/W3131324807","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W3134746776","https://openalex.org/W4288574671","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6640036494","https://openalex.org/W6759127422","https://openalex.org/W6769491879","https://openalex.org/W6771934156","https://openalex.org/W6773790170","https://openalex.org/W6777514010","https://openalex.org/W6781551139","https://openalex.org/W6781628429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W4286695888","https://openalex.org/W4327661444","https://openalex.org/W2161061958","https://openalex.org/W2034991012","https://openalex.org/W2589850439","https://openalex.org/W2792325953","https://openalex.org/W4285590736","https://openalex.org/W4391095902","https://openalex.org/W2061417030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surface":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"is":[4,38,44,92,214],"a":[5,45,68,93,154,171],"revolutionary":[6],"technology":[7],"for":[8,67],"achieving":[9],"high":[10],"rate":[11],"and":[12,79,142,153,208],"large":[13],"coverage":[14],"in":[15,56,86],"future":[16],"wireless":[17],"networks":[18],"by":[19],"smartly":[20],"reflecting":[21],"the":[22,30,41,50,72,77,83,88,111,117,138,143,150,160,164,168,177,181,185,197,203,209],"signals":[23],"with":[24,189,222],"adjustable":[25],"phase":[26],"shifts.":[27],"To":[28],"design":[29,132],"reflection":[31],"beamforming,":[32],"accurate":[33],"individual":[34],"channel":[35,139,220],"state":[36],"information":[37],"required":[39],"at":[40,71],"RIS,":[42],"which":[43,87],"challenge":[46],"task":[47],"due":[48],"to":[49,74,82,115,158,175,184],"lack":[51],"of":[52,120,211,219],"signal":[53,64],"processing":[54,65],"ability":[55],"passive":[57],"mode.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,125],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,130],"add":[63],"units":[66],"few":[69],"antennas":[70],"RIS":[73],"partially":[75],"acquire":[76],"channels":[78,162,183],"extrapolate":[80,159],"them":[81],"full":[84,161],"channels,":[85,166],"active":[89,105,122,126,224],"antenna":[90,106,127,200,206],"selection":[91,107,128,151,201],"key":[94],"point":[95],"but":[96],"has":[97],"not":[98],"been":[99],"addressed":[100],"yet.":[101],"We":[102],"construct":[103],"an":[104],"network":[108,152,157,174],"that":[109,196,218],"utilizes":[110,149],"probabilistic":[112],"sampling":[113],"theory":[114],"select":[116],"optimal":[118,186,199],"locations":[119],"these":[121],"antennas.":[123,225],"With":[124],"network,":[129],"further":[131],"two":[133],"deep":[134],"learning-based":[135],"schemes,":[136],"i.e.,":[137],"extrapolation":[140,221],"scheme":[141],"beam":[144,212],"searching":[145,213],"scheme.":[146],"The":[147],"former":[148],"convolutional":[155],"neural":[156,173],"from":[163,180],"partial":[165,182],"while":[167],"latter":[169],"adopts":[170],"fully-connected":[172],"achieve":[176],"direct":[178],"mapping":[179],"beamforming":[187],"vector":[188],"maximal":[190],"transmission":[191],"rate.":[192],"Simulation":[193],"results":[194],"show":[195],"proposed":[198],"outperforms":[202],"trivial":[204],"uniform":[205],"selection,":[207],"performance":[210],"more":[215],"stable":[216],"than":[217],"fewer":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
