{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993989340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3078786","title":"Energy Efficient D2D Communications Using Multiple UAV Relays","display_name":"Energy Efficient D2D Communications Using Multiple UAV Relays","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993989340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3078786","mag":"2993989340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3078786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3078786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.03714","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055415133","display_name":"Ahmad Alsharoa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Alsharoa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","missouri university of science and technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-5224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"missouri university of science and technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034647310","display_name":"Murat Yukse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Yuksel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","University of central florida"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0387-7038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of central florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00179454,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"8","first_page":"5337","last_page":"5351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7585357427597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6354678869247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5537875890731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5333376526832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.48019421100616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.46028628945350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory-optimization","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","score":0.44663354754447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convexity","display_name":"Convexity","score":0.437579870223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.42507702112197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4146330952644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.36604738235473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3390766382217407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22539380192756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12386608123779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10928639769554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08919617533683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07350656390190125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7585357427597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6354678869247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5537875890731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5333376526832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.48019421100616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.46028628945350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173246807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833062","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","level":3,"score":0.44663354754447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72134830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166524","display_name":"Convexity","level":2,"score":0.437579870223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.42507702112197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4146330952644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36604738235473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3390766382217407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22539380192756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12386608123779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10928639769554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08919617533683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07350656390190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3078786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3078786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.03714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03714","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.03714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2993989340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1912.03714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.03714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.03714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03714","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.03714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1944593111","display_name":"US Ignite: Collaborative Research: Focus Area 1: Rapid and Resilient Critical Data Sourcing for Public Safety and Emergency Response","funder_award_id":"1647189","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988456768","https://openalex.org/W1992942660","https://openalex.org/W2011973765","https://openalex.org/W2025967385","https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2060611826","https://openalex.org/W2067326326","https://openalex.org/W2086565575","https://openalex.org/W2098567664","https://openalex.org/W2099575497","https://openalex.org/W2143487028","https://openalex.org/W2161645185","https://openalex.org/W2164674125","https://openalex.org/W2167156358","https://openalex.org/W2206930994","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2397702573","https://openalex.org/W2443637320","https://openalex.org/W2523219060","https://openalex.org/W2529517384","https://openalex.org/W2754789226","https://openalex.org/W2803517513","https://openalex.org/W2866330516","https://openalex.org/W2895265707","https://openalex.org/W2917213827","https://openalex.org/W2949144570","https://openalex.org/W2962804513","https://openalex.org/W2963067144","https://openalex.org/W2963726334","https://openalex.org/W2971038388","https://openalex.org/W2972799305","https://openalex.org/W2980781235","https://openalex.org/W2991616811","https://openalex.org/W3012319098","https://openalex.org/W3015520783","https://openalex.org/W3098405735","https://openalex.org/W3098915991","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803517513","https://openalex.org/W2794723247","https://openalex.org/W2996283250","https://openalex.org/W3016831025","https://openalex.org/W3177987872","https://openalex.org/W3148946438","https://openalex.org/W3131033905","https://openalex.org/W3172251681","https://openalex.org/W3029766668","https://openalex.org/W2962943958","https://openalex.org/W3159790943","https://openalex.org/W3113396342","https://openalex.org/W2798450826","https://openalex.org/W3185828675","https://openalex.org/W3031502609","https://openalex.org/W3010571627","https://openalex.org/W3197958915","https://openalex.org/W3156109555","https://openalex.org/W3038815422","https://openalex.org/W2904453398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,159,172,183],"propose":[4,160],"a":[5,189,201],"novel":[6],"optimization":[7,130],"model":[8],"for":[9,50,68,188],"multiple":[10],"Unmanned":[11],"Aerial":[12],"Vehicles":[13],"(UAVs)":[14],"working":[15],"simultaneously":[16],"as":[17,115],"relays":[18,116],"to":[19,49,60,84,92,119,153,161,207,226],"help":[20],"two":[21],"set":[22,96],"of":[23,80,97,108,156,177,214,222],"ground":[24],"users;":[25],"namely":[26],"relay":[27,34,125],"users":[28,35,57,63,98],"and":[29,44,64,105,112,149,180,230],"device-to-device":[30],"(D2D)":[31],"users.":[32,126,181],"The":[33,78,212],"are":[36,58],"assumed":[37,59],"out":[38],"communication":[39,122],"rages":[40],"from":[41],"each":[42],"other":[43],"use":[45,65],"the":[46,55,66,70,76,81,86,94,102,109,121,134,139,143,154,157,174,178,185,209,215,227],"UAV":[47,67],"link":[48],"their":[51],"data":[52],"transmission.":[53,77],"While":[54],"D2D":[56,110],"be":[61],"nearby":[62],"managing":[69],"resources":[71],"without":[72],"being":[73],"involved":[74],"in":[75,88,164,220],"goal":[79],"paper":[82],"is":[83,205],"operate":[85],"UAVs":[87,179],"an":[89,129,195],"energy-efficient":[90],"manner":[91],"support":[93],"different":[95],"by":[99],"i)":[100],"optimizing":[101],"available":[103],"bandwidth":[104,186,231],"power":[106,176,192,229],"allocations":[107],"links,":[111],"ii)":[113],"acting":[114],"when":[117],"needed":[118],"maintain":[120],"links":[123],"between":[124],"We":[127],"formulate":[128],"problem":[131],"that":[132],"maximizes":[133],"throughput-energy":[135],"utility":[136],"while":[137],"respecting":[138],"resource":[140],"availability":[141],"including":[142],"UAVs\u2019":[144,210],"energy":[145],"consumption,":[146],"UAV-user":[147],"association,":[148],"trajectory":[150],"constraints.":[151],"Due":[152],"non-convexity":[155],"problem,":[158],"solve":[162],"it":[163],"three":[165],"steps":[166],"using":[167],"Taylor":[168],"series":[169],"approximation.":[170],"Firstly,":[171],"optimize":[173,184,208],"transmit":[175,191],"Then,":[182],"allocation":[187],"given":[190],"values.":[193],"Finally,":[194],"efficient":[196],"heuristic":[197],"algorithm":[198],"based":[199],"on":[200],"recursive":[202],"shrink-and-realign":[203],"process":[204],"proposed":[206,216],"trajectories.":[211],"performance":[213],"method":[217],"shows":[218],"advantages":[219],"terms":[221],"average":[223],"throughput":[224],"compared":[225],"fixed":[228],"solutions.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}