{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157084865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3077939","title":"Protograph-Based LDPC Hadamard Codes","display_name":"Protograph-Based LDPC Hadamard Codes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157084865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3077939","mag":"3157084865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3077939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3077939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/95543/1/Zhang_Protograph-Based_Ldpc_Hadamard.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025014103","display_name":"Peng-Wei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng-Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-4653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079339840","display_name":"Francis C. M. Lau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-0899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis C. M. Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-0899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025582832","display_name":"Chiu\u2010Wing Sham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-6746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiu-Wing Sham","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-6746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5176,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82984787,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"8","first_page":"4998","last_page":"5013"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadamard-transform","display_name":"Hadamard transform","score":0.8055282831192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.6811280250549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.49055808782577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47866615653038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4733291268348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-error-correction","display_name":"Forward error correction","score":0.45249268412590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-code","display_name":"Linear code","score":0.42381709814071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4024173617362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.38941389322280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.38114893436431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3461841940879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3375188708305359}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60292330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1014065","display_name":"Hadamard transform","level":2,"score":0.8055282831192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.6811280250549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.49055808782577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47866615653038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4733291268348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202932441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55611017","display_name":"Forward error correction","level":3,"score":0.45249268412590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2400350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752667","display_name":"Linear code","level":4,"score":0.42381709814071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4024173617362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.38941389322280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.38114893436431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3461841940879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3375188708305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3077939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3077939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/95543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/95543","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/95543/1/Zhang_Protograph-Based_Ldpc_Hadamard.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/56815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2292/56815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055463","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of Auckland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","host_organization_name":"University of Auckland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/95543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/95543","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/95543/1/Zhang_Protograph-Based_Ldpc_Hadamard.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157084865.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157084865.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91277888","https://openalex.org/W147465018","https://openalex.org/W1493541001","https://openalex.org/W1522425996","https://openalex.org/W1572884776","https://openalex.org/W1679110720","https://openalex.org/W1864365761","https://openalex.org/W1964402820","https://openalex.org/W1972606153","https://openalex.org/W1973712217","https://openalex.org/W1982045017","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2008010694","https://openalex.org/W2053337146","https://openalex.org/W2083406405","https://openalex.org/W2097900809","https://openalex.org/W2101394529","https://openalex.org/W2102251435","https://openalex.org/W2105006836","https://openalex.org/W2117890770","https://openalex.org/W2118334163","https://openalex.org/W2121606987","https://openalex.org/W2127490352","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2130458083","https://openalex.org/W2131705283","https://openalex.org/W2133068391","https://openalex.org/W2136391449","https://openalex.org/W2143884373","https://openalex.org/W2145339551","https://openalex.org/W2150498905","https://openalex.org/W2160390925","https://openalex.org/W2161533130","https://openalex.org/W2169732368","https://openalex.org/W2170758137","https://openalex.org/W2247119331","https://openalex.org/W2562965985","https://openalex.org/W2909576504","https://openalex.org/W2912982395","https://openalex.org/W2937286339","https://openalex.org/W2964947760","https://openalex.org/W2980544357","https://openalex.org/W2987657883","https://openalex.org/W2996170917","https://openalex.org/W3017830821","https://openalex.org/W3035811765","https://openalex.org/W3083905349","https://openalex.org/W3092918613","https://openalex.org/W3100887776","https://openalex.org/W4235521202","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300188436","https://openalex.org/W6603727012","https://openalex.org/W6629343882","https://openalex.org/W6643505971","https://openalex.org/W6784427858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2623918504","https://openalex.org/W2957709805","https://openalex.org/W2916248738","https://openalex.org/W135568846","https://openalex.org/W2460434904","https://openalex.org/W1968720239","https://openalex.org/W2622922565","https://openalex.org/W2100531868","https://openalex.org/W2167713507","https://openalex.org/W1789159349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4,61],"a":[5,16,36,62,107],"new":[6],"method":[7],"to":[8,31,103,120,131,147],"design":[9],"low-density":[10],"parity-check":[11],"Hadamard":[12,29,56],"(LDPC-Hadamard)":[13],"codes":[14,50,86,95,119,144,160],"\u2014":[15],"type":[17],"of":[18,84,109,117,142,149,158],"ultimate-Shannon-limit":[19,122],"approaching":[20],"channel":[21],"codes.":[22,58,153],"The":[23,77],"technique":[24],"is":[25,145],"based":[26],"on":[27],"applying":[28],"constraints":[30],"the":[32,44,49,82,115,121,139,150,155],"check":[33],"nodes":[34],"in":[35],"generalized":[37,45],"protograph-based":[38],"LDPC":[39,55],"code,":[40],"followed":[41],"by":[42],"lifting":[43],"protograph.":[46],"We":[47,59,93],"name":[48],"formed":[51],"<italic":[52],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[53,112],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">protograph-based</i>":[54],"(PLDPC-Hadamard)":[57],"also":[60],"modified":[63],"Protograph":[64],"Extrinsic":[65],"Information":[66],"Transfer":[67],"(PEXIT)":[68],"algorithm":[69,79],"for":[70],"analyzing":[71],"and":[72,165],"optimizing":[73],"PLDPC-Hadamard":[74,85],"code":[75],"designs.":[76],"proposed":[78],"further":[80],"allows":[81],"analysis":[83],"with":[87,96],"degree-":[88],"1":[89],"and/or":[90],"punctured":[91],"nodes.":[92],"find":[94],"decoding":[97],"thresholds":[98],"ranging":[99],"from":[100,124],"\u22121.53":[101],"dB":[102,126,133],"\u22121.42":[104],"dB.":[105],"At":[106],"BER":[108,156],"10":[110],"<sup":[111],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u22125</sup>":[113],",":[114],"gaps":[116],"our":[118,143,159],"range":[123],"0.40":[125],"(for":[127,134],"rate":[128,135],"=":[129,136],"0.0494)":[130],"0.16":[132],"0.003).":[137],"Moreover,":[138],"error":[140],"performance":[141],"comparable":[146],"that":[148],"traditional":[151],"LDPC-Hadamard":[152],"Finally,":[154],"performances":[157],"after":[161],"puncturing":[162],"are":[163],"simulated":[164],"compared.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
