{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160735954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3075523","title":"K-Means Clustering-Aided Non-Coherent Detection for Molecular Communications","display_name":"K-Means Clustering-Aided Non-Coherent Detection for Molecular Communications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160735954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3075523","mag":"3160735954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3075523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3075523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03358065","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034398010","display_name":"Xuewen Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9956-4281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097418","display_name":"Laboratoire des signaux et syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/00skw9v43","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210097418","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuewen Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","Laboratoire des signaux et syst\u00e8mes"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire des signaux et syst\u00e8mes","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081612175","display_name":"Marco Di Renzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-8793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097418","display_name":"Laboratoire des signaux et syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/00skw9v43","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210097418","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Di Renzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","Laboratoire des signaux et syst\u00e8mes"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Syst\u00e8mes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire des signaux et syst\u00e8mes","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046532019","display_name":"Andrew W. Eckford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-1229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Eckford","raw_affiliation_strings":["York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","York University [Toronto]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"York University [Toronto]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034398010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210097418","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74345813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"8","first_page":"5456","last_page":"5470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.8393809795379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7141222953796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5850578546524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5616358518600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5589536428451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5425532460212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5412411689758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5121376514434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2836414575576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.19204181432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08282583951950073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8393809795379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7141222953796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5850578546524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5616358518600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5589536428451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5425532460212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5412411689758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5121376514434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2836414575576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.19204181432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08282583951950073}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3075523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3075523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03358065v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03358065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2021, 69 (8), pp.5456 - 5470. ⟨10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3075523⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03358065v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03358065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2021, 69 (8), pp.5456 - 5470. ⟨10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3075523⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3271398155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"871464","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580963329","https://openalex.org/W1667973931","https://openalex.org/W1969466142","https://openalex.org/W1984920148","https://openalex.org/W1992419399","https://openalex.org/W2001493775","https://openalex.org/W2008904150","https://openalex.org/W2059488492","https://openalex.org/W2117280119","https://openalex.org/W2144244895","https://openalex.org/W2151664270","https://openalex.org/W2153233077","https://openalex.org/W2168002711","https://openalex.org/W2260681306","https://openalex.org/W2319338832","https://openalex.org/W2329950235","https://openalex.org/W2344235279","https://openalex.org/W2491303676","https://openalex.org/W2505038626","https://openalex.org/W2515867024","https://openalex.org/W2782623722","https://openalex.org/W2790078981","https://openalex.org/W2896710189","https://openalex.org/W2912112015","https://openalex.org/W2942286780","https://openalex.org/W2962847463","https://openalex.org/W2963020121","https://openalex.org/W2963354877","https://openalex.org/W2963922654","https://openalex.org/W2963923293","https://openalex.org/W2988694189","https://openalex.org/W2989384323","https://openalex.org/W2993040984","https://openalex.org/W3006643426","https://openalex.org/W3007140055","https://openalex.org/W3007751526","https://openalex.org/W3014682610","https://openalex.org/W3050745495","https://openalex.org/W3098477036","https://openalex.org/W3099005205","https://openalex.org/W3100991707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366906938","https://openalex.org/W2349391998","https://openalex.org/W4205655149","https://openalex.org/W2000775715","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W2795393339","https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2074467390","https://openalex.org/W4254303342","https://openalex.org/W4390618967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,17,88],"this":[1,60],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,19,94,111],"consider":[4],"non-coherent":[5,21],"detection":[6],"schemes":[7],"for":[8],"molecular":[9],"communication":[10],"systems":[11],"in":[12,27],"the":[13,48,55,64,78,84,92,97,104,126,134,137],"presence":[14],"of":[15,38,136],"inter-symbol-interference.":[16],"particular,":[18],"study":[20],"detectors":[22,40],"based":[23,41,52],"on":[24,42,54],"memory-bits-based":[25,43],"thresholds":[26,44,65],"order":[28],"to":[29,46,90,118,124,132],"achieve":[30],"low":[31],"bit-error-ratio":[32],"(BER)":[33],"transmission.":[34],"The":[35],"main":[36],"challenge":[37],"realizing":[39],"is":[45],"obtain":[47],"channel":[49],"state":[50],"information":[51],"only":[53],"received":[56,79],"signals.":[57],"We":[58],"tackle":[59],"issue":[61],"by":[62,73,82],"reformulating":[63],"through":[66],"intermediate":[67],"variables,":[68],"which":[69,121],"can":[70,100],"be":[71,101],"obtained":[72],"clustering":[74,86,109,114],"multi-dimensional":[75,119],"data":[76],"from":[77,103,116],"signals,":[80],"and":[81],"using":[83],"K-means":[85],"algorithm.":[87],"addition":[89],"estimating":[91],"thresholds,":[93],"show":[95],"that":[96],"transmitted":[98],"bits":[99],"retrieved":[102],"clustered":[105],"data.":[106],"To":[107],"reduce":[108,125],"errors,":[110],"propose":[112],"iterative":[113],"methods":[115],"one-dimensional":[117],"data,":[120],"are":[122,130],"shown":[123],"BER.":[127],"Simulation":[128],"results":[129],"presented":[131],"verify":[133],"effectiveness":[135],"proposed":[138],"methods.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}