{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154415946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3071448","title":"NISA: Node Identification and Spoofing Attack Detection Based on Clock Features and Radio Information for Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"NISA: Node Identification and Spoofing Attack Detection Based on Clock Features and Radio Information for Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154415946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3071448","mag":"3154415946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3071448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3071448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028309373","display_name":"Xintao Huan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xintao Huan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications and Networking, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","Department of Communications and Networking, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China; Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Networking, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Networking, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China; Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334907","display_name":"Kyeong Soo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-2647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyeong Soo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications and Networking, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-2647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Networking, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717357","display_name":"Junqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-2926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","[Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-2926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93747574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"7","first_page":"4691","last_page":"4703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.8365352749824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6141718626022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5657203197479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.561587929725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5024893283843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4989185333251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-identification","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","score":0.42053917050361633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4105379581451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27474361658096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20879724621772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1943797469139099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.8365352749824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6141718626022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5657203197479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.561587929725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5024893283843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4989185333251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204222849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104954","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","level":2,"score":0.42053917050361633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4105379581451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27474361658096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20879724621772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1943797469139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3071448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3071448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324032","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1874399837","https://openalex.org/W1957358593","https://openalex.org/W1978973474","https://openalex.org/W1998458927","https://openalex.org/W2003588349","https://openalex.org/W2015105729","https://openalex.org/W2028951534","https://openalex.org/W2056489071","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2082364458","https://openalex.org/W2082715409","https://openalex.org/W2082823623","https://openalex.org/W2085093677","https://openalex.org/W2085715420","https://openalex.org/W2094636498","https://openalex.org/W2096041468","https://openalex.org/W2104534158","https://openalex.org/W2104599106","https://openalex.org/W2104652210","https://openalex.org/W2105856476","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2122237830","https://openalex.org/W2133372405","https://openalex.org/W2137816628","https://openalex.org/W2140022001","https://openalex.org/W2151043249","https://openalex.org/W2157921329","https://openalex.org/W2165491783","https://openalex.org/W2286325118","https://openalex.org/W2295120647","https://openalex.org/W2483269432","https://openalex.org/W2598525681","https://openalex.org/W2761448003","https://openalex.org/W2810283011","https://openalex.org/W2879860949","https://openalex.org/W2888477829","https://openalex.org/W2894958270","https://openalex.org/W2896976355","https://openalex.org/W2900364463","https://openalex.org/W2938144699","https://openalex.org/W2964010649","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2982145123","https://openalex.org/W2982567238","https://openalex.org/W2996084540","https://openalex.org/W3004441959","https://openalex.org/W3034718108","https://openalex.org/W3105108969","https://openalex.org/W3105127423","https://openalex.org/W4237611199","https://openalex.org/W4252939633","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6660390022","https://openalex.org/W6675429008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2989910292","https://openalex.org/W2998478967","https://openalex.org/W3128793638","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2021230337","https://openalex.org/W4401097268","https://openalex.org/W2607818178","https://openalex.org/W3153057489","https://openalex.org/W1569027610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Node":[0],"identification":[1,37,55,61,96,173],"based":[2],"on":[3],"unique":[4,24],"hardware":[5,25],"features":[6],"like":[7],"clock":[8,41,76,143],"skews":[9,77,144],"has":[10],"been":[11],"considered":[12],"an":[13],"efficient":[14],"technique":[15],"in":[16],"wireless":[17],"sensor":[18,74,134],"networks":[19],"(WSNs).":[20],"Spoofing":[21,48,63,175],"attacks":[22],"imitating":[23],"features,":[26],"however,":[27],"could":[28,169],"significantly":[29],"impair":[30],"or":[31],"break":[32],"down":[33],"conventional":[34],"clock-skew-based":[35],"node":[36,54,95,172],"due":[38],"to":[39,92],"exposed":[40],"information":[42,91],"through":[43],"broadcasting.":[44],"To":[45],"defend":[46],"against":[47,62],"attacks,":[49],"we":[50,138],"propose":[51],"a":[52,84,119,127],"new":[53],"scheme":[56],"called":[57],"<italic":[58],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[59],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">node":[60],"attack</i>":[64],"(NISA).":[65],"It":[66],"utilizes":[67],"the":[68,81,87,114,140,152],"reverse":[69],"time":[70],"synchronization":[71],"framework,":[72],"where":[73],"nodes\u2019":[75],"are":[78],"estimated":[79],"at":[80],"head":[82],"of":[83,116,132,142,154],"WSN,":[85],"and":[86,97,104,111,121,147,150,157,166,174],"spatially-correlated":[88],"radio":[89],"link":[90],"achieve":[93],"simultaneous":[94],"attack":[98,176],"detection.":[99,177],"We":[100],"further":[101],"provide":[102,170],"centralized":[103,156,165],"distributed":[105,158,167],"NISA":[106,168],"for":[107],"covering":[108],"both":[109,155,164],"single-hop":[110],"multi-hop":[112],"scenarios,":[113],"former":[115],"which":[117],"employs":[118],"single-input":[120],"multiple-output":[122],"convolutional":[123],"neural":[124],"network.":[125],"With":[126],"real":[128],"WSN":[129],"testbed":[130],"consisting":[131],"TelosB":[133],"nodes":[135],"running":[136],"TinyOS,":[137],"investigate":[139],"identifiability":[141],"under":[145],"temperature":[146],"voltage":[148],"variations":[149],"evaluate":[151],"performance":[153],"NISA.":[159],"Experimental":[160],"results":[161],"demonstrate":[162],"that":[163],"accurate":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}