{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3140275159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3066587","title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Empowered Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access","display_name":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Empowered Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3140275159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3066587","mag":"3140275159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3066587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3066587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048784321","display_name":"Min Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-5750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-5750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041989556","display_name":"Yong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7499-6256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7499-6256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022499594","display_name":"Yuanming Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-7465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanming Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","Yoke Intelligence, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-7465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yoke Intelligence, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079052203","display_name":"Khaled B. Letaief","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled B. Letaief","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048784321"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798","https://openalex.org/I4210147322","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.1326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":178,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99399674,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"6","first_page":"3802","last_page":"3817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.58949875831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5850780010223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5760501623153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.5496948957443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.529869019985199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.516228437423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.49759605526924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4853616952896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4666246175765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4425485134124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.4360898435115814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.40740707516670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.337394118309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.286333292722702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.1882127821445465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.14303120970726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1362854242324829}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.58949875831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5850780010223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5760501623153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.5496948957443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.529869019985199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.516228437423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.49759605526924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4853616952896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4666246175765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4425485134124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4360898435115814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.40740707516670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.337394118309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.286333292722702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.1882127821445465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.14303120970726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1362854242324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3066587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3066587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-110836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0090-6778&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.date=2021&rft.spage=&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=&rft.atitle=Reconfigurable+Intelligent+Surface+Empowered+Downlink+Non-Orthogonal+Multiple+Access&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Communications","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-110836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-110836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8728470999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001294","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1922937245","https://openalex.org/W1928152501","https://openalex.org/W1991312775","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2048294994","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2277419020","https://openalex.org/W2289565584","https://openalex.org/W2340859457","https://openalex.org/W2509696551","https://openalex.org/W2522847968","https://openalex.org/W2559328514","https://openalex.org/W2769456309","https://openalex.org/W2793925979","https://openalex.org/W2803956200","https://openalex.org/W2804319465","https://openalex.org/W2858664339","https://openalex.org/W2890278565","https://openalex.org/W2896550846","https://openalex.org/W2949670636","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2962683916","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2994742101","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W2999074226","https://openalex.org/W2999490868","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3006962285","https://openalex.org/W3009554119","https://openalex.org/W3009563387","https://openalex.org/W3011154968","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3016215183","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3034980365","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3036604634","https://openalex.org/W3037231455","https://openalex.org/W3040433108","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3042544305","https://openalex.org/W3046207563","https://openalex.org/W3049287381","https://openalex.org/W3081215475","https://openalex.org/W3094357447","https://openalex.org/W3095415448","https://openalex.org/W3101450547","https://openalex.org/W3103026331","https://openalex.org/W3121229535","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W4288365549","https://openalex.org/W6762113363","https://openalex.org/W6765010032","https://openalex.org/W6778119801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W2515629000","https://openalex.org/W2601693592","https://openalex.org/W2103590590","https://openalex.org/W2013230419","https://openalex.org/W2169192185","https://openalex.org/W2055634632","https://openalex.org/W2051762234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power-domain":[0],"non-orthogonal":[1],"multiple":[2],"access":[3],"(NOMA)":[4],"has":[5],"become":[6],"a":[7,59,136],"promising":[8],"technology":[9],"to":[10,19,66,86,115,127,194],"exploit":[11],"the":[12,16,21,34,52,73,77,81,88,95,99,102,106,116,129,153,156,168,175,179,196,207,210,229,240,247,251,259,262,270],"new":[13],"dimension":[14],"of":[15,24,54,155,209,242,261],"power":[17,91],"domain":[18],"enhance":[20],"spectral":[22,185],"efficiency":[23],"wireless":[25],"networks.":[26],"However,":[27],"most":[28],"existing":[29],"NOMA":[30,64],"schemes":[31],"rely":[32],"on":[33],"strong":[35],"assumption":[36],"that":[37],"users\u2019":[38,233,252],"channel":[39,69,230,254],"gains":[40],"are":[41,256],"quite":[42],"different,":[43],"which":[44],"may":[45],"be":[46],"invalid":[47],"in":[48,167,245,268],"practice.":[49],"To":[50,111,150],"unleash":[51],"potential":[53],"power-domain":[55],"NOMA,":[56],"we":[57,121,172],"propose":[58,218],"reconfigurable":[60],"intelligent":[61],"surface":[62],"(RIS)-empowered":[63],"scheme":[65,223],"introduce":[67],"desirable":[68],"gain":[70],"differences":[71],"among":[72],"users":[74],"by":[75,92,163,205],"adjusting":[76],"phase":[78],"shifts":[79],"at":[80,98,105],"RIS.":[82],"Our":[83],"goal":[84],"is":[85,191],"minimize":[87],"total":[89,271],"transmit":[90,272],"jointly":[93],"optimizing":[94],"beamforming":[96],"vectors":[97],"base":[100],"station,":[101],"phase-shift":[103],"matrix":[104,148],"RIS,":[107],"and":[108,160,184,232,258],"user":[109,138,221],"ordering.":[110],"address":[112],"challenge":[113],"due":[114],"highly":[117],"coupled":[118],"optimization":[119,125,145,170,214,266],"variables,":[120],"present":[122],"an":[123,219,243],"alternating":[124,169,213,265],"framework":[126],"decompose":[128],"non-convex":[130,157],"bi-quadratically":[131],"constrained":[132,143],"quadratic":[133],"problem":[134],"under":[135],"specific":[137],"ordering":[139,222],"into":[140],"two":[141],"rank-one":[142,158,176],"matrices":[144],"problems":[146],"via":[147,200],"lifting.":[149],"accurately":[151],"detect":[152],"feasibility":[154],"constraints":[159],"improve":[161],"performance":[162],"avoiding":[164],"early":[165],"stopping":[166],"procedure,":[171],"equivalently":[173],"represent":[174],"constraint":[177],"as":[178],"difference":[180,249],"between":[181],"nuclear":[182],"norm":[183],"norm.":[186],"A":[187],"difference-of-convex":[188],"(DC)":[189],"algorithm":[190],"further":[192,217],"developed":[193],"solve":[195],"resulting":[197],"DC":[198],"programs":[199],"successive":[201],"convex":[202],"relaxation,":[203],"followed":[204],"establishing":[206],"convergence":[208],"proposed":[211,263],"DC-based":[212,264],"method.":[215],"We":[216],"efficient":[220],"with":[224],"closed-form":[225],"expressions,":[226],"considering":[227],"both":[228],"conditions":[231,255],"target":[234],"data":[235],"rates.":[236],"Simulation":[237],"results":[238],"validate":[239],"ability":[241],"RIS":[244],"enlarging":[246],"channel-gain":[248],"when":[250],"original":[253],"similar":[257],"superiority":[260],"method":[267],"reducing":[269],"power.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
