{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123265618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3053021","title":"Joint Iterative Optimization-Based Low-Complexity Adaptive Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MU-MIMO Systems","display_name":"Joint Iterative Optimization-Based Low-Complexity Adaptive Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MU-MIMO Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3123265618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3053021","mag":"3123265618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3053021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3053021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/70407/2/Kelly%20Joint%20Iterative%20Optimization%202021%20Accepted.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014562204","display_name":"Hang Ruan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hang Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-828X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002566516","display_name":"Pei Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026003516","display_name":"Lixia Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7959-8356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixia Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7959-8356","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089385391","display_name":"James R. Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-6887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-6887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014562204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0167,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75003967,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"3","first_page":"1707","last_page":"1722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7012559771537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.6980772018432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6059536337852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-beamformer","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","score":0.5957427024841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.558070182800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5047632455825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5038239359855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.48963481187820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.47300249338150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4383313059806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.4351620674133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.4324209988117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4194833040237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.36891335248947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2590436339378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.25721025466918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15678739547729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11049267649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08130213618278503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7012559771537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.6980772018432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6059536337852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33378366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680719","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","level":3,"score":0.5957427024841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.558070182800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5047632455825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5038239359855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.48963481187820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.47300249338150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4383313059806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.4351620674133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.4324209988117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4194833040237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.36891335248947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2590436339378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25721025466918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15678739547729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11049267649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08130213618278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3053021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3053021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/70407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/70407","pdf_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/70407/2/Kelly%20Joint%20Iterative%20Optimization%202021%20Accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11147219730002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/70407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/70407","pdf_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/70407/2/Kelly%20Joint%20Iterative%20Optimization%202021%20Accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1633709371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/ R001588/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2619017074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P008402/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4512960364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R001588/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7449167111","display_name":"Millimeter-wave Antennas and Components for Future Mobile Broadband Networks (MILLIBAN)","funder_award_id":"EP/P008402/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123265618.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123265618.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1423052447","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W1968160461","https://openalex.org/W2042369536","https://openalex.org/W2072599023","https://openalex.org/W2092943378","https://openalex.org/W2096895164","https://openalex.org/W2105469945","https://openalex.org/W2115892496","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2129578680","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2143524521","https://openalex.org/W2145412765","https://openalex.org/W2155847893","https://openalex.org/W2157009680","https://openalex.org/W2239864376","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2286580915","https://openalex.org/W2306288190","https://openalex.org/W2342114053","https://openalex.org/W2342863993","https://openalex.org/W2413693026","https://openalex.org/W2469174679","https://openalex.org/W2517686986","https://openalex.org/W2519120260","https://openalex.org/W2538905011","https://openalex.org/W2542458236","https://openalex.org/W2599953983","https://openalex.org/W2609243569","https://openalex.org/W2611749634","https://openalex.org/W2773612525","https://openalex.org/W2773656851","https://openalex.org/W2785368196","https://openalex.org/W2786392952","https://openalex.org/W2791386407","https://openalex.org/W2802999157","https://openalex.org/W2806186910","https://openalex.org/W2808826712","https://openalex.org/W2900074784","https://openalex.org/W2903146257","https://openalex.org/W2914338909","https://openalex.org/W2962732261","https://openalex.org/W2963141535","https://openalex.org/W2963218636","https://openalex.org/W2964218543","https://openalex.org/W2990406790","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W3102136279","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W4211246444","https://openalex.org/W4300937747","https://openalex.org/W6675844665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137509205","https://openalex.org/W2109663817","https://openalex.org/W2129498500","https://openalex.org/W2963676394","https://openalex.org/W2137284648","https://openalex.org/W3202961854","https://openalex.org/W2553853211","https://openalex.org/W2590484787","https://openalex.org/W2074639346","https://openalex.org/W2291844590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,91,133,183],"joint":[4],"iterative":[5],"optimization":[6],"based":[7,68],"hybrid":[8],"beamforming":[9],"technique":[10,17,42,144],"for":[11,34],"massive":[12],"MU-MIMO":[13],"systems.":[14],"The":[15,40,78],"proposed":[16,41,71,79,116,143],"jointly":[18],"and":[19,25,56,74,90,102,127],"iteratively":[20],"optimizes":[21],"the":[22,30,35,48,53,70,75,82,100,115,122,142,153,159,171,187],"transmitter":[23,101],"precoders":[24],"combiners,":[26],"aiming":[27],"to":[28,96,107,130,147,152],"approach":[29],"global":[31],"optimum":[32],"solution":[33],"system":[36],"sum-rate":[37],"maximization":[38],"problem.":[39],"develops":[43],"an":[44,62],"adaptive":[45,64,72,117],"algorithm":[46,73,80,118],"exploiting":[47],"stochastic":[49],"gradients":[50],"(SG)":[51],"of":[52,136,161],"local":[54],"beamformers":[55,109],"provides":[57],"low-complexity":[58,120],"closed-form":[59,76],"solutions.":[60,77],"Furthermore,":[61],"efficient":[63],"scheme":[65],"is":[66,125,128,145,167,182,189],"developed":[67],"on":[69],"requires":[81],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[83],"ratio":[84],"(SINR)":[85],"feedback":[86],"from":[87],"each":[88,105,178],"user":[89],"limited":[92],"size":[93,124],"transition":[94],"vector":[95],"be":[97],"exchanged":[98],"between":[99],"receivers":[103],"at":[104],"step":[106],"update":[108],"locally.":[110],"Analytic":[111],"result":[112,139],"shows":[113,140],"that":[114,141],"achieves":[119],"when":[121],"array":[123],"large":[126],"able":[129,146],"converge":[131],"within":[132],"small":[134],"number":[135],"iterations.":[137],"Simulation":[138],"achieve":[148],"superior":[149],"performance":[150],"comparing":[151],"existing":[154],"state-of-art":[155],"techniques.":[156],"In":[157],"addition,":[158],"knowledge":[160],"instantaneous":[162],"channel":[163],"state":[164],"information":[165],"(CSI)":[166],"not":[168],"required":[169],"as":[170],"channels":[172],"are":[173],"also":[174],"adaptively":[175],"estimated":[176],"with":[177],"coherence":[179],"time":[180],"which":[181],"practical":[184],"assumption":[185],"since":[186],"CSI":[188],"usually":[190],"unavailable":[191],"or":[192],"have":[193],"time-varying":[194],"nature":[195],"in":[196],"real-time":[197],"applications.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
