{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3118666507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3051682","title":"Millimeter Wave Communications With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Performance Analysis and Optimization","display_name":"Millimeter Wave Communications With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Performance Analysis and Optimization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3118666507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3051682","mag":"3118666507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3051682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3051682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068782412","display_name":"Hongyang Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-6525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongyang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612301","display_name":"Jiayi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045995606","display_name":"Julian Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-8236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, BC, Kelowna, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, BC, Kelowna, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620739","display_name":"Bo Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068782412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1187,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99016055,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"4","first_page":"2752","last_page":"2768"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.8476002812385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.6991068124771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6830042004585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6355200409889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5855682492256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.532387375831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.49855852127075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.484625905752182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.4436705708503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.43781810998916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4278656840324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4071803092956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3305839002132416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2551509737968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17340314388275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16801142692565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11316537857055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0842481255531311}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.8476002812385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.6991068124771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6830042004585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6355200409889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5855682492256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.532387375831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.49855852127075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.484625905752182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.4436705708503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.43781810998916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4278656840324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4071803092956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3305839002132416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2551509737968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17340314388275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16801142692565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11316537857055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0842481255531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3051682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3051682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/353009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/353009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1752373702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61961130391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2680719155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1834210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3225371358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCS2018ZZ007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4105397161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L202013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4694313481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5551904971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA191006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","funder_display_name":"Royal Society"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G696373350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCS2019ZZ007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313887","display_name":"ZTE Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578842116","https://openalex.org/W1584244501","https://openalex.org/W2022715688","https://openalex.org/W2078589215","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2090499479","https://openalex.org/W2115324684","https://openalex.org/W2143005940","https://openalex.org/W2171656134","https://openalex.org/W2319383592","https://openalex.org/W2549295457","https://openalex.org/W2600647254","https://openalex.org/W2612291478","https://openalex.org/W2931477481","https://openalex.org/W2942773272","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2955041215","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2963446177","https://openalex.org/W2964267567","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2994715464","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W2997143206","https://openalex.org/W3005729455","https://openalex.org/W3006557588","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W3034448035","https://openalex.org/W3039424145","https://openalex.org/W3043119790","https://openalex.org/W3098595577","https://openalex.org/W3099769502","https://openalex.org/W3100075210","https://openalex.org/W6772072436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607978590","https://openalex.org/W2980109842","https://openalex.org/W2050950555","https://openalex.org/W2783554303","https://openalex.org/W1576013675","https://openalex.org/W2113587703","https://openalex.org/W2154316601","https://openalex.org/W2938807808","https://openalex.org/W1965669147","https://openalex.org/W2980231524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"Intelligent":[1],"Surface":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"can":[4,156,180],"create":[5],"favorable":[6],"multipath":[7],"to":[8,35,94,145],"establish":[9],"strong":[10],"links":[11],"that":[12,152],"are":[13,142],"useful":[14],"in":[15,40],"millimeter":[16],"wave":[17],"(mmWave)":[18],"communications.":[19],"While":[20],"previous":[21],"works":[22],"assumed":[23],"Rayleigh":[24],"or":[25],"Rician":[26],"fading,":[27],"we":[28,44,74,87,118],"use":[29],"the":[30,37,46,50,59,67,84,96,101,110,124,128,134,153,158,162,173,177,182],"fluctuating":[31],"two-ray":[32],"(FTR)":[33],"distribution":[34],"model":[36],"small-scale":[38],"fading":[39],"mmWave":[41],"frequency.":[42],"First,":[43],"obtain":[45,95],"statistical":[47],"characterizations":[48],"of":[49,52,61,63,136,190],"product":[51,62],"independent":[53],"FTR":[54,64],"random":[55],"variables":[56],"(RVs)":[57],"and":[58,69,91,127],"sum":[60],"RVs.":[65],"For":[66],"RIS-aided":[68,154,178],"amplify-and-forward":[70],"(AF)":[71],"relay":[72,112,164,184],"systems,":[73],"derive":[75],"exact":[76],"end-to-end":[77,85],"signal-to-noise":[78],"ratio":[79],"(SNR)":[80],"expressions.":[81],"To":[82,132],"maximize":[83],"SNR,":[86],"propose":[88],"a":[89,187],"novel":[90],"simple":[92],"way":[93],"optimal":[97,105],"phase":[98],"shifts":[99],"at":[100],"RIS":[102],"elements.":[103,192],"The":[104],"power":[106],"allocation":[107],"scheme":[108],"for":[109],"AF":[111,163,183],"system":[113,155,165,179,185],"is":[114,150],"also":[115],"proposed.":[116],"Furthermore,":[117],"evaluate":[119],"important":[120],"performance":[121,160],"metrics":[122],"including":[123],"outage":[125],"probability":[126],"average":[129],"bit-error":[130],"probability.":[131],"validate":[133],"accuracy":[135],"our":[137],"analytical":[138],"results,":[139],"Monte-Carlo":[140],"simulations":[141],"subsequently":[143],"conducted":[144],"provide":[146],"interesting":[147],"insights.":[148],"It":[149],"found":[151],"attain":[157],"same":[159],"as":[161,172],"with":[166],"low":[167],"transmit":[168],"power.":[169],"More":[170],"interestingly,":[171],"channel":[174],"conditions":[175],"improve,":[176],"outperform":[181],"using":[186],"smaller":[188],"number":[189],"reflecting":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
