{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3118566252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3049356","title":"Stackelberg Game of Energy Consumption and Latency in MEC Systems With NOMA","display_name":"Stackelberg Game of Energy Consumption and Latency in MEC Systems With NOMA","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3118566252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3049356","mag":"3118566252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3049356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3049356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101414302","display_name":"Kaidi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-9738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaidi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002904166","display_name":"Zhiguo Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-384X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguo Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036412443","display_name":"Daniel K. C. So","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7642-1755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel K. C. So","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061744244","display_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8533,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9433953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"4","first_page":"2191","last_page":"2206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.917148768901825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karush\u2013kuhn\u2013tucker-conditions","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","score":0.8868165612220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7418124675750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5873143076896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5657156109809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5484548211097717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.5443406701087952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4951266348361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4846978187561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.46917134523391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-game","display_name":"Stochastic game","score":0.4665175676345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4616680443286896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4567303955554962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assignment-problem","display_name":"Assignment problem","score":0.45142048597335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.44452521204948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.4315633773803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4284648299217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32800939679145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.32459554076194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.3125208020210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.22823479771614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.22796109318733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14087775349617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12166956067085266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.917148768901825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50454189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075125","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","level":2,"score":0.8868165612220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7418124675750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5873143076896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5657156109809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5484548211097717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.5443406701087952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4951266348361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4846978187561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.46917134523391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22171661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074380","display_name":"Stochastic game","level":2,"score":0.4665175676345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4616680443286896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4567303955554962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85044808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620614","display_name":"Assignment problem","level":2,"score":0.45142048597335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.44452521204948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.4315633773803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4284648299217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32800939679145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.32459554076194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.3125208020210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.22823479771614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.22796109318733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14087775349617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12166956067085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3049356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3049356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/1218d7fa-1cee-4f1c-b259-ca42042cb0f4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/1218d7fa-1cee-4f1c-b259-ca42042cb0f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wang, K, Ding, Z, So, D K C & Karagiannidis, G K 2020, 'Stackelberg Game of Energy Consumption and Latency in MEC Systems with NOMA', IEEE Transactions on Communications.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2215692519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P009719/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2284078454","display_name":"A Unified Multiple Access Framework for Next Generation Mobile Networks By Removing Orthogonality (MANGO)","funder_award_id":"EP/P009719/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182605591","https://openalex.org/W656369140","https://openalex.org/W1974473105","https://openalex.org/W2027563534","https://openalex.org/W2126137945","https://openalex.org/W2162088714","https://openalex.org/W2277419020","https://openalex.org/W2400861403","https://openalex.org/W2509696551","https://openalex.org/W2521112295","https://openalex.org/W2593138756","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2615459164","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2681138350","https://openalex.org/W2727450595","https://openalex.org/W2772709146","https://openalex.org/W2774086490","https://openalex.org/W2777180355","https://openalex.org/W2793978979","https://openalex.org/W2794157223","https://openalex.org/W2794247248","https://openalex.org/W2800755725","https://openalex.org/W2803750062","https://openalex.org/W2883649305","https://openalex.org/W2886323124","https://openalex.org/W2896945154","https://openalex.org/W2897268940","https://openalex.org/W2897419800","https://openalex.org/W2901845465","https://openalex.org/W2908322758","https://openalex.org/W2963143119","https://openalex.org/W2963336322","https://openalex.org/W2963956198","https://openalex.org/W2967263386","https://openalex.org/W2968052242","https://openalex.org/W2969415317","https://openalex.org/W2980526710","https://openalex.org/W2981181432","https://openalex.org/W2989463999","https://openalex.org/W2991268436","https://openalex.org/W2992796287","https://openalex.org/W2994652932","https://openalex.org/W3003541603","https://openalex.org/W3010452400","https://openalex.org/W3010725646","https://openalex.org/W3014177916","https://openalex.org/W3014422400","https://openalex.org/W3082278499","https://openalex.org/W3090615085","https://openalex.org/W3101237615","https://openalex.org/W3102167156","https://openalex.org/W3105883416","https://openalex.org/W3106445841","https://openalex.org/W3121503016","https://openalex.org/W3122863029","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6607432528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W3014317926","https://openalex.org/W2917127270","https://openalex.org/W4315864507","https://openalex.org/W3045907565"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,86],"this":[1,152],"article,":[2],"a":[3,7,32,103,161],"two-user":[4],"scenario":[5],"of":[6,106],"non-orthogonal":[8],"multiple":[9],"access":[10],"(NOMA)-based":[11],"mobile":[12],"edge":[13],"computing":[14,53],"(MEC)":[15],"network":[16],"is":[17,35,96,111,130,154,166],"investigated.":[18],"By":[19],"treating":[20],"the":[21,24,39,44,56,64,67,72,83,90,93,100,107,116,123,126,133,141,157,179,184,195,206],"users":[22,170],"and":[23,29,51,60,113,137,146,183],"MEC":[25],"server":[26],"as":[27],"leader":[28,40,117,127],"follower,":[30],"respectively,":[31],"Stackelberg":[33,94],"game":[34],"formulated.":[36],"More":[37],"specifically,":[38],"tends":[41],"to":[42,70,88,156,168,204],"minimize":[43,71],"total":[45,73],"energy":[46,192],"consumption":[47],"for":[48,81,140],"task":[49,57,143,197],"offloading":[50,147],"local":[52],"by":[54,76,121],"optimizing":[55],"assignment":[58,144,198],"coefficients":[59,145],"transmit":[61],"power.":[62],"On":[63],"other":[65],"side,":[66],"follower":[68,108],"aims":[69],"execution":[74],"time":[75],"allocating":[77],"different":[78,172,196],"computational":[79],"resources":[80],"processing":[82],"offloaded":[84],"tasks.":[85],"order":[87],"solve":[89],"formulated":[91],"problem,":[92],"equilibrium":[95],"considered.":[97],"Based":[98],"on":[99],"given":[101],"insights,":[102],"closed-form":[104,138,181],"solution":[105],"level":[109,118,128],"problem":[110,129],"obtained":[112],"included":[114],"in":[115],"one.":[119],"Furthermore,":[120],"analyzing":[122],"leader's":[124],"strategies,":[125],"solved":[131],"through":[132],"Karush-Kuhn-Tucker":[134],"(KKT)":[135],"conditions,":[136],"expressions":[139],"optimal":[142],"time,":[148],"are":[149],"derived.":[150],"Finally,":[151],"work":[153],"extended":[155],"multi-user":[158],"scenario,":[159],"where":[160],"matching-based":[162],"user":[163,186],"pairing":[164,187],"algorithm":[165,188],"proposed":[167,185],"assign":[169],"into":[171],"sub-channels.":[173],"Simulation":[174],"results":[175],"indicate":[176],"that:":[177],"i)":[178],"derived":[180],"solutions":[182],"can":[189,200],"significantly":[190],"improve":[191],"efficiency;":[193],"ii)":[194],"strategies":[199],"be":[201],"dynamically":[202],"implemented":[203],"handle":[205],"varying":[207],"wireless":[208],"environment.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
