{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112484558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.3044340","title":"A Discrete-Time Markov Chain Based Comparison of the MAC Layer Performance of C-V2X Mode 4 and IEEE 802.11p","display_name":"A Discrete-Time Markov Chain Based Comparison of the MAC Layer Performance of C-V2X Mode 4 and IEEE 802.11p","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112484558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.3044340","mag":"3112484558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.3044340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.3044340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/273549","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074838497","display_name":"Geeth P. Wijesiri N. B. A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2941-6088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I128559575","display_name":"University of Ruhuna","ror":"https://ror.org/033jvzr14","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128559575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195740183","display_name":"University of Moratuwa","ror":"https://ror.org/0491f5305","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI","LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geeth P. Wijesiri N.B.A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Wireless Communication, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka","University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Wireless Communication, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128559575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046867329","display_name":"Jussi Haapola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-8660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jussi Haapola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Wireless Communication, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Wireless Communication, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017935680","display_name":"Tharaka Samarasinghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5189-5743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195740183","display_name":"University of Moratuwa","ror":"https://ror.org/0491f5305","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}],"countries":["AU","LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tharaka Samarasinghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia","University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0181,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87225826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"4","first_page":"2505","last_page":"2517"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802.11p","display_name":"IEEE 802.11p","score":0.9049999117851257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.732350766658783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6460099816322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5508421659469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5404322147369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5171153545379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.5160424709320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.4862021803855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-time-and-continuous-time","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","score":0.4825288951396942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802","display_name":"IEEE 802","score":0.47618523240089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ieee-802.15","display_name":"IEEE 802.15","score":0.44446516036987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4363557994365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3473846912384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.29621031880378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.24158406257629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.15019428730010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13540145754814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.12761089205741882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10296988487243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.0749489963054657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778206073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841708","display_name":"IEEE 802.11p","level":5,"score":0.9049999117851257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.732350766658783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6460099816322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5508421659469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5404322147369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5171153545379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.5160424709320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.4862021803855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55689738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15963867","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","level":2,"score":0.4825288951396942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522090004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616245","display_name":"IEEE 802","level":3,"score":0.47618523240089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780407094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267095","display_name":"IEEE 802.15","level":3,"score":0.44446516036987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4363557994365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3473846912384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.29621031880378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.24158406257629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.15019428730010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13540145754814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.12761089205741882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10296988487243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.0749489963054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.3044340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.3044340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/273549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/273549","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/273549","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe20201216100918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe20201216100918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/273549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/273549","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/273549","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3163312566","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AHEAD/RA3/RIC/MRT/ITS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4230935547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"318927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5159029953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6026-LK/8743-LK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325939","funder_display_name":"University of Moratuwa"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325939","display_name":"University of Moratuwa","ror":"https://ror.org/0491f5305"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112484558.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147602701","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1960867580","https://openalex.org/W2019093111","https://openalex.org/W2162598825","https://openalex.org/W2754025451","https://openalex.org/W2768312610","https://openalex.org/W2772664513","https://openalex.org/W2787362739","https://openalex.org/W2787488900","https://openalex.org/W2793042099","https://openalex.org/W2808210511","https://openalex.org/W2883495150","https://openalex.org/W2883604876","https://openalex.org/W2919260982","https://openalex.org/W2937516867","https://openalex.org/W2947416045","https://openalex.org/W2963775970","https://openalex.org/W2963889250","https://openalex.org/W2984158568","https://openalex.org/W3039828970","https://openalex.org/W3104490111","https://openalex.org/W4210493863","https://openalex.org/W4213009331","https://openalex.org/W4235921807","https://openalex.org/W4249545676","https://openalex.org/W4250045673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W860824738","https://openalex.org/W1591141470","https://openalex.org/W2080373251","https://openalex.org/W112094470","https://openalex.org/W2545855443","https://openalex.org/W2169169749","https://openalex.org/W4380354549","https://openalex.org/W1971851193","https://openalex.org/W1993710793","https://openalex.org/W2990899736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle-to-vehicle":[0],"(V2V)":[1],"communication":[2],"plays":[3],"a":[4,102],"pivotal":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,112,135,145],"intelligent":[8],"transport":[9],"systems":[10],"(ITS)":[11],"with":[12],"cellular-vehicle":[13],"to":[14,36,82,94],"everything":[15],"(C-V2X)":[16],"and":[17,50,60,108,121],"IEEE":[18,47,106,131],"802.11p":[19,48,107,132],"being":[20],"the":[21,38,46,70,74,98,115,118,122],"two":[22],"competing":[23],"enabling":[24],"technologies.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27,149],"presents":[28],"multi-dimensional":[29],"discrete-time":[30],"Markov":[31],"chain":[32],"(DTMC)":[33],"based":[34],"models":[35,75],"study":[37],"medium":[39],"access":[40],"control":[41],"(MAC)":[42],"layer":[43,158],"performance":[44,88,103,159],"of":[45,73,114,137,161],"standard":[49],"C-V2X":[51,109,141],"Mode":[52,110,142],"4,":[53],"considering":[54],"periodic":[55],"cooperative":[56],"awareness":[57],"messages":[58,65],"(CAMs)":[59],"event-driven":[61],"decentralized":[62],"environmental":[63],"notification":[64],"(DENMs).":[66],"Closed-form":[67],"solutions":[68],"for":[69,85],"steady-state":[71],"probabilities":[72],"are":[76,79,92],"obtained,":[77],"which":[78],"then":[80],"utilized":[81],"derive":[83],"expressions":[84],"several":[86],"key":[87],"metrics.":[89],"Numerical":[90],"results":[91,128],"provided":[93],"draw":[95],"insights":[96,153],"on":[97,154],"performance.":[99],"In":[100],"particular,":[101],"comparison":[104],"between":[105],"4":[111,143],"terms":[113,136],"average":[116,138],"delay,":[117,139],"collision":[119,146],"probability,":[120],"channel":[123],"utilization":[124],"is":[125,133],"presented.":[126],"The":[127,148],"show":[129],"that":[130],"superior":[134],"whereas":[140],"excels":[144],"resolution.":[147],"also":[150],"includes":[151],"design":[152],"possible":[155],"future":[156],"MAC":[157],"enhancements":[160],"both":[162],"standards.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}