{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962880213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.3030250","title":"On the Transmission Probabilities in Quantum Key Distribution Systems Over FSO Links","display_name":"On the Transmission Probabilities in Quantum Key Distribution Systems Over FSO Links","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962880213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.3030250","mag":"2962880213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.3030250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.3030250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.04457","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020517199","display_name":"Hui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6786-6560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["FR","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020517199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1037,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82162519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"1","first_page":"429","last_page":"442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6694112420082092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.5633596181869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.5545029640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5179513692855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49402862787246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment-generating-function","display_name":"Moment-generating function","score":0.4559025466442108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.423772394657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41399580240249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.39401811361312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3687586188316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.31946486234664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3093867301940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3015440106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22828450798988342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20018649101257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14124083518981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.13789880275726318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6694112420082092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.5633596181869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.5545029640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5179513692855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49402862787246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101796028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535587","display_name":"Moment-generating function","level":3,"score":0.4559025466442108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.423772394657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41399580240249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.39401811361312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3687586188316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.31946486234664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3093867301940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3015440106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22828450798988342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20018649101257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14124083518981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.13789880275726318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.3030250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.3030250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.04457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.04457","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.04457","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/656067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/656067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.04457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.04457","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.04457","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8316760781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"725929 (ERC project DUALITY)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1719129021","https://openalex.org/W1968090432","https://openalex.org/W1970006170","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W1988134541","https://openalex.org/W2013622559","https://openalex.org/W2032429549","https://openalex.org/W2053336065","https://openalex.org/W2055040985","https://openalex.org/W2055224267","https://openalex.org/W2071548870","https://openalex.org/W2077013915","https://openalex.org/W2085471096","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2122092743","https://openalex.org/W2146242205","https://openalex.org/W2149200615","https://openalex.org/W2157005274","https://openalex.org/W2161694611","https://openalex.org/W2170235542","https://openalex.org/W2248980475","https://openalex.org/W2471223678","https://openalex.org/W2523030729","https://openalex.org/W2550089876","https://openalex.org/W2587173351","https://openalex.org/W2589132895","https://openalex.org/W2593720936","https://openalex.org/W2599837959","https://openalex.org/W2726806793","https://openalex.org/W2752525417","https://openalex.org/W2773370132","https://openalex.org/W2777247283","https://openalex.org/W2799705583","https://openalex.org/W2805169815","https://openalex.org/W2807425737","https://openalex.org/W2852027510","https://openalex.org/W2900889727","https://openalex.org/W2910345890","https://openalex.org/W2941507236","https://openalex.org/W2954840539","https://openalex.org/W2960131620","https://openalex.org/W2973711621","https://openalex.org/W2995499219","https://openalex.org/W3011079479","https://openalex.org/W3014415887","https://openalex.org/W3098574620","https://openalex.org/W3099127973","https://openalex.org/W3101149927","https://openalex.org/W3102053974","https://openalex.org/W3105318391","https://openalex.org/W3123545179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116044594","https://openalex.org/W2101999641","https://openalex.org/W1503152075","https://openalex.org/W301676527","https://openalex.org/W2052600062","https://openalex.org/W2124541664","https://openalex.org/W289296924","https://openalex.org/W2122920812","https://openalex.org/W2942696422","https://openalex.org/W2076148615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,43,83],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,14,19,51,65,92,98,109,119,124,128,136,140,144,169,178],"transmission":[6,88,110],"probabilities":[7,89,111],"in":[8,29,64],"three":[9],"cases":[10],"(depending":[11],"only":[12,18],"on":[13,23,108,115],"legitimate":[15,25,66,129],"receiver,":[16],"depending":[17,22],"eavesdropper,":[20],"and":[21,27,53,62,100,159,181],"both":[24],"receiver":[26,67,130],"eavesdropper)":[28],"quantum":[30],"key":[31],"distribution":[32],"(QKD)":[33],"systems":[34],"over":[35,148],"free-space":[36],"optical":[37],"links.":[38],"To":[39,96],"be":[40,164],"more":[41],"realistic,":[42],"consider":[44],"a":[45,74],"generalized":[46,120,141],"pointing":[47,55],"error":[48,56],"scenario,":[49],"where":[50],"azimuth":[52],"elevation":[54],"angles":[57],"caused":[58],"by":[59,90],"stochastic":[60],"jitters":[61],"vibrations":[63],"platform":[68],"are":[69],"independently":[70],"distributed":[71],"according":[72],"to":[73,132],"non-identical":[75],"normal":[76],"distribution.":[77],"Taking":[78],"these":[79],"assumptions":[80],"into":[81],"account,":[82],"derive":[84],"approximate":[85],"expressions":[86,99],"of":[87],"using":[91],"Gaussian":[93],"quadrature":[94],"method.":[95],"simplify":[97],"get":[101],"some":[102,105],"physical":[103],"insights,":[104],"asymptotic":[106,116,137,145],"analysis":[107],"is":[112,173],"presented":[113],"based":[114],"expression":[117,138],"for":[118,139],"Marcum":[121,142],"Q-function":[122],"when":[123,168],"telescope":[125],"gain":[126],"at":[127],"approaches":[131],"infinity.":[133],"Moreover,":[134],"from":[135],"Q-function,":[143],"outage":[146],"probability":[147],"Beckmann":[149],"fading":[150,161],"channels":[151],"(a":[152],"general":[153],"channel":[154],"model":[155],"including":[156],"Rayleigh,":[157],"Rice,":[158],"Hoyt":[160],"channels)":[162],"can":[163],"also":[165],"easily":[166],"derived":[167],"average":[170],"signal-to-noise":[171],"ratio":[172],"sufficiently":[174],"large,":[175],"which":[176],"shows":[177],"diversity":[179],"order":[180],"array":[182],"gain.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}