{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010650026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979845","title":"Generalized Time Slot Index Modulation for Optical Wireless Communications","display_name":"Generalized Time Slot Index Modulation for Optical Wireless Communications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010650026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979845","mag":"3010650026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/ebefd8df-ee60-4627-90f6-4b6bf9c63f02","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059615193","display_name":"Ardimas Andi Purwita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-1030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ardimas Andi Purwita","raw_affiliation_strings":["LiFi Research and Development Centre, School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-1030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LiFi Research and Development Centre, School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081906665","display_name":"Anil Ye\u015filkaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5309-5141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Yesilkaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["LiFi Research and Development Centre, School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5309-5141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LiFi Research and Development Centre, School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043354202","display_name":"Majid Safari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majid Safari","raw_affiliation_strings":["LiFi Research and Development Centre, School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-0052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LiFi Research and Development Centre, School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074320996","display_name":"Harald Haas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-2701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Haas","raw_affiliation_strings":["LiFi Research and Development Centre, School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-2701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LiFi Research and Development Centre, School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7066,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68880845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"6","first_page":"3706","last_page":"3719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6017357110977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.5853106379508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5460224151611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5370340347290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5146123170852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless-communications","display_name":"Optical wireless communications","score":0.5128267407417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.4827677309513092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.47829872369766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4741705656051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.4653400182723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.45959553122520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation-index","display_name":"Modulation index","score":0.45853763818740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-position-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","score":0.4446467161178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.42895767092704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sc-fde","display_name":"SC-FDE","score":0.4222714900970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.24321579933166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23272353410720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22806110978126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2260671854019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2214646339416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16708514094352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.15712320804595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.14960533380508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.08581629395484924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6017357110977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5853106379508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5460224151611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5370340347290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5146123170852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107021485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18385577","display_name":"Optical wireless communications","level":4,"score":0.5128267407417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.4827677309513092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.47829872369766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4741705656051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.4653400182723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.45959553122520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11883093","display_name":"Modulation index","level":4,"score":0.45853763818740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46035914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767289","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","level":5,"score":0.4446467161178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.42895767092704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781397150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16861691","display_name":"SC-FDE","level":4,"score":0.4222714900970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.24321579933166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23272353410720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22806110978126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2260671854019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2214646339416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16708514094352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.15712320804595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.14960533380508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.08581629395484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/ebefd8df-ee60-4627-90f6-4b6bf9c63f02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/ebefd8df-ee60-4627-90f6-4b6bf9c63f02","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/ebefd8df-ee60-4627-90f6-4b6bf9c63f02","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/ebefd8df-ee60-4627-90f6-4b6bf9c63f02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/ebefd8df-ee60-4627-90f6-4b6bf9c63f02","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/ebefd8df-ee60-4627-90f6-4b6bf9c63f02","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1301389261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S016570/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2185728952","display_name":"Towards 100 Gigabit Wireless Networking by Light (Go-by-Light) (Ext.)","funder_award_id":"EP/R007101/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2223494912","display_name":"Terabit Bidirectional Multi-user Optical Wireless System (TOWS) for 6G LiFi","funder_award_id":"EP/S016570/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4617449541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R007101/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328515","display_name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010650026.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966393174","https://openalex.org/W1992972185","https://openalex.org/W2000718886","https://openalex.org/W2018373247","https://openalex.org/W2058415761","https://openalex.org/W2086603603","https://openalex.org/W2098238307","https://openalex.org/W2104770042","https://openalex.org/W2105720880","https://openalex.org/W2105935781","https://openalex.org/W2116485279","https://openalex.org/W2118998054","https://openalex.org/W2126073021","https://openalex.org/W2126423562","https://openalex.org/W2130936630","https://openalex.org/W2134294009","https://openalex.org/W2143246195","https://openalex.org/W2160779252","https://openalex.org/W2165205968","https://openalex.org/W2286339457","https://openalex.org/W2294612870","https://openalex.org/W2295559644","https://openalex.org/W2337454911","https://openalex.org/W2463747392","https://openalex.org/W2552808946","https://openalex.org/W2740045222","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2765739499","https://openalex.org/W2766070188","https://openalex.org/W2780671913","https://openalex.org/W2782166714","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2960960929","https://openalex.org/W2962974305","https://openalex.org/W2963740954","https://openalex.org/W2963890869","https://openalex.org/W2963969247","https://openalex.org/W2989947534","https://openalex.org/W4256217385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017207150","https://openalex.org/W2373649301","https://openalex.org/W2894247043","https://openalex.org/W2572135230","https://openalex.org/W2511989778","https://openalex.org/W4367032567","https://openalex.org/W2366597128","https://openalex.org/W101987445","https://openalex.org/W2106748706","https://openalex.org/W2589954375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,53],"novel":[1],"modulation":[2,19],"scheme":[3,31],"for":[4,23,63,128],"an":[5],"indoor":[6],"optical":[7,93],"wireless":[8,94],"communication":[9],"(OWC)":[10],"system":[11],"referred":[12,34],"to":[13,35,59,130],"as":[14,36],"generalized":[15],"time":[16,83],"slot":[17,84],"index":[18,85],"(GTIM)":[20],"is":[21,32,57,120,124],"proposed":[22,58],"single-carrier":[24],"frequency":[25],"domain":[26],"equalization":[27],"(SC-FDE)":[28],"systems.":[29],"This":[30],"further":[33],"SC-GTIM.":[37,118],"In":[38,67],"SC-GTIM,":[39],"information":[40],"bits":[41],"are":[42],"flexibly":[43],"encoded":[44],"onto":[45],"both":[46],"the":[47,64,75,97],"amplitudes":[48],"and":[49,82,96,135],"positions":[50],"of":[51,101],"pulses.":[52],"set":[54],"partitioning":[55],"algorithm":[56],"construct":[60],"a":[61,91,102,107,125],"codebook":[62],"SC-GTIM":[65,70,123],"system.":[66],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"will":[71],"be":[72,115],"compared":[73],"with":[74],"conventional":[76],"pulse":[77],"amplitude":[78],"modulation-based":[79,86],"SC-FDE":[80,87],"(SC-PAM)":[81],"(SC-TIM).":[88],"By":[89],"considering":[90],"multipath":[92],"channel":[95],"limited":[98],"dynamic":[99],"range":[100],"light":[103],"emitting":[104],"diode":[105],"(LED),":[106],"considerable":[108],"bit":[109],"error":[110],"ratio":[111],"(BER)":[112],"gain":[113],"can":[114],"achieved":[116],"by":[117],"It":[119],"concluded":[121],"that":[122],"promising":[126],"technique":[127],"low":[129],"medium":[131],"spectral":[132],"efficiency":[133],"transmission":[134],"uplink":[136],"schemes.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}