{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010202740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979117","title":"Block-Based Spatial Modulation: Constellation Design and Low-Complexity Detection","display_name":"Block-Based Spatial Modulation: Constellation Design and Low-Complexity Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010202740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979117","mag":"3010202740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024993551","display_name":"Shyam Gadhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3536-9214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyam Gadhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3536-9214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004699135","display_name":"Rohit Budhiraja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-1549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit Budhiraja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-1549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7066,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68865571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"6","first_page":"3505","last_page":"3520"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.6883125305175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5716789960861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5372554659843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5268646478652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.47946059703826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.46227818727493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31916385889053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23796135187149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2225525975227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.21868404746055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2089211344718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13299643993377686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.6883125305175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5716789960861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5372554659843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5268646478652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.47946059703826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.46227818727493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31916385889053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23796135187149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2225525975227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.21868404746055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2089211344718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13299643993377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2979117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325255","display_name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1124870649","https://openalex.org/W1977332235","https://openalex.org/W1985123706","https://openalex.org/W1994588011","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2029262884","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2086567821","https://openalex.org/W2110494871","https://openalex.org/W2123642416","https://openalex.org/W2126734312","https://openalex.org/W2146206750","https://openalex.org/W2149094052","https://openalex.org/W2152670498","https://openalex.org/W2156816269","https://openalex.org/W2163504740","https://openalex.org/W2169605188","https://openalex.org/W2177435529","https://openalex.org/W2292837623","https://openalex.org/W2295559644","https://openalex.org/W2296240304","https://openalex.org/W2336710304","https://openalex.org/W2348793629","https://openalex.org/W2520438672","https://openalex.org/W2543981627","https://openalex.org/W2591657289","https://openalex.org/W2615667137","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2747271665","https://openalex.org/W2883787357","https://openalex.org/W2887951348","https://openalex.org/W2896012004","https://openalex.org/W2914479826","https://openalex.org/W2963666666","https://openalex.org/W2964028646","https://openalex.org/W3120586454","https://openalex.org/W4256217385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2535206924","https://openalex.org/W2183629677","https://openalex.org/W2166477254","https://openalex.org/W3135117432","https://openalex.org/W2377129831","https://openalex.org/W2325849137","https://openalex.org/W3111225565","https://openalex.org/W2141579362","https://openalex.org/W2140458968","https://openalex.org/W1538129087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spatial":[0],"modulation":[1,11,45],"(SM)":[2],"uses":[3],"antenna":[4],"indices":[5],"to":[6,34],"transmit":[7,28,32,57,83,92],"information,":[8],"along":[9],"with":[10,143],"symbols.":[12],"The":[13,67],"conventional":[14],"SM":[15],"scheme":[16,47],"fixes":[17,60],"the":[18,25,50,75,89,137],"number":[19,26,51,62,90],"of":[20,27,52,82,91,136],"active":[21,53],"antennas,":[22],"and":[23],"consequently":[24],"symbols,":[29],"in":[30,55],"a":[31,41,64,80,95,103,124],"vector":[33],"avoid":[35],"detection":[36,86],"ambiguity.":[37],"This":[38],"work":[39],"proposes":[40],"generalized":[42],"block-based":[43],"spatial":[44,76],"(GBSM)":[46],"which":[48,71,107,130],"varies":[49],"antennas":[54],"each":[56],"vector,":[58,84],"but":[59,142],"their":[61],"over":[63,79,94],"transmission":[65],"block.":[66],"proposed":[68],"GBSM":[69],"scheme,":[70],"transmits":[72],"information":[73],"using":[74],"dimensions":[77],"created":[78],"block":[81,96],"resolves":[85],"ambiguity":[87],"as":[88,134],"symbols":[93],"remains":[97],"fixed.":[98],"It":[99],"crucially":[100],"also":[101,122],"has":[102,131],"large":[104],"constellation":[105,118],"cardinality,":[106],"we":[108],"exploit":[109],"by":[110],"proposing":[111],"novel":[112,125],"low":[113],"bit":[114],"error":[115],"rate":[116],"(BER)":[117],"design":[119],"algorithms.":[120],"We":[121],"propose":[123],"low-complexity":[126],"semi-definite":[127],"relaxation":[128],"detector,":[129],"similar":[132],"BER":[133],"that":[135],"optimal":[138],"maximum":[139],"likelihood":[140],"detector":[141],"\u2248":[144],"85%":[145],"lower":[146],"complexity.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}