{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3001462167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2968907","title":"Dynamic Flow Migration for Embedded Services in SDN/NFV-Enabled 5G Core Networks","display_name":"Dynamic Flow Migration for Embedded Services in SDN/NFV-Enabled 5G Core Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3001462167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2968907","mag":"3001462167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.2968907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2968907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011614320","display_name":"Kaige Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-114X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaige Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-114X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061723765","display_name":"Weihua Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-511X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-511X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417960","display_name":"Qiang Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-6295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152014189","display_name":"Minnesota State University, Mankato","ror":"https://ror.org/04att9732","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152014189","https://openalex.org/I91221267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minnesota State University, Mankato, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-6295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minnesota State University, Mankato, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152014189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773343","display_name":"Xuemin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342431","display_name":"Xu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-313X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115038","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/026venb53","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Canada, Inc., Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Canada, Inc., Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075623538","display_name":"Jaya Rao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115038","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/026venb53","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaya Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Canada, Inc., Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Canada, Inc., Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5071,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98715924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"4","first_page":"2394","last_page":"2408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7495030164718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.654722273349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.6127068996429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.5457136631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.49510064721107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-commodity-flow-problem","display_name":"Multi-commodity flow problem","score":0.47463902831077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.47220879793167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46678626537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.46449971199035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.46154075860977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.343095600605011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-network","display_name":"Flow network","score":0.294253408908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10529753565788269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7495030164718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.654722273349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.6127068996429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.5457136631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.49510064721107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170334043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934437","display_name":"Multi-commodity flow problem","level":3,"score":0.47463902831077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.47220879793167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46678626537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.46449971199035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.46154075860977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.343095600605011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114809511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412924","display_name":"Flow network","level":2,"score":0.294253408908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10529753565788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.2968907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2968907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","display_name":"Huawei Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678619878","https://openalex.org/W1993488794","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2011651341","https://openalex.org/W2032228686","https://openalex.org/W2055241939","https://openalex.org/W2096655151","https://openalex.org/W2123372830","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2168936382","https://openalex.org/W2469867730","https://openalex.org/W2500898769","https://openalex.org/W2547922127","https://openalex.org/W2567427683","https://openalex.org/W2590487735","https://openalex.org/W2591732478","https://openalex.org/W2597003067","https://openalex.org/W2597600645","https://openalex.org/W2597898076","https://openalex.org/W2604420083","https://openalex.org/W2604436698","https://openalex.org/W2612303616","https://openalex.org/W2623646697","https://openalex.org/W2737623241","https://openalex.org/W2763814267","https://openalex.org/W2792281126","https://openalex.org/W2800182763","https://openalex.org/W2856725472","https://openalex.org/W2889474327","https://openalex.org/W2897028151","https://openalex.org/W2900629482","https://openalex.org/W2916515866","https://openalex.org/W2925449218","https://openalex.org/W2958608667","https://openalex.org/W4230266149","https://openalex.org/W6674628843","https://openalex.org/W6731675737","https://openalex.org/W6737014408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357657342","https://openalex.org/W2153432761","https://openalex.org/W2152623100","https://openalex.org/W2142042635","https://openalex.org/W1988127757","https://openalex.org/W1859124475","https://openalex.org/W2103296973","https://openalex.org/W2165832238","https://openalex.org/W1580144672","https://openalex.org/W2266046735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"defined":[1],"networking":[2],"(SDN)":[3],"and":[4,97,191],"network":[5,23,27],"function":[6],"virtualization":[7],"(NFV)":[8],"are":[9,48,168],"key":[10],"enabling":[11],"technologies":[12],"in":[13,25,45,55,180],"fifth":[14],"generation":[15],"(5G)":[16],"communication":[17],"networks":[18],"for":[19,57,69],"embedding":[20],"service-level":[21],"customized":[22],"slices":[24,47],"a":[26,64,105,149],"infrastructure,":[28],"based":[29,152],"on":[30,153],"statistical":[31],"resource":[32],"demands":[33],"to":[34,50,74,104,161,170],"satisfy":[35],"long-term":[36],"quality":[37],"of":[38,133,155,182,193],"service":[39],"(QoS)":[40],"requirements.":[41],"However,":[42],"traffic":[43],"loads":[44],"different":[46],"subject":[49],"changes":[51],"over":[52],"time,":[53],"resulting":[54],"challenges":[56],"consistent":[58],"QoS":[59],"provisioning.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"dynamic":[65],"flow":[66,178],"migration":[67,179],"problem":[68,88,101,136,141],"embedded":[70],"services":[71],"is":[72,89,102,115,119,159],"studied,":[73],"meet":[75],"end-to-end":[76],"(E2E)":[77],"delay":[78,157,184],"requirements":[79],"with":[80,142],"time-varying":[81],"traffic.":[82],"A":[83],"multi-objective":[84],"mixed":[85,107],"integer":[86,108],"optimization":[87],"formulated,":[90],"addressing":[91],"the":[92,124,131,134,139,172,175,189,194],"trade-off":[93],"between":[94,123],"load":[95],"balancing":[96],"reconfiguration":[98],"overhead.":[99],"The":[100],"transformed":[103],"tractable":[106],"quadratically":[109],"constrained":[110],"programming":[111],"(MIQCP)":[112],"problem.":[113],"It":[114],"proved":[116],"that":[117],"there":[118],"no":[120],"optimality":[121],"gap":[122],"two":[125],"problems;":[126],"hence,":[127],"we":[128],"can":[129],"obtain":[130],"optimum":[132],"original":[135],"by":[137],"solving":[138],"MIQCP":[140],"some":[143],"post-processing.":[144],"To":[145],"reduce":[146],"time":[147],"complexity,":[148],"heuristic":[150,195],"algorithm":[151],"redistribution":[154],"hop":[156],"bounds":[158],"proposed":[160],"find":[162],"an":[163],"efficient":[164],"solution.":[165,196],"Numerical":[166],"results":[167],"presented":[169],"demonstrate":[171],"aforementioned":[173],"trade-off,":[174],"benefit":[176],"from":[177],"terms":[181],"E2E":[183],"guarantee,":[185],"as":[186,188],"well":[187],"effectiveness":[190],"efficiency":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}