{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964263863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2926464","title":"Beamforming Network Optimization for Reducing Channel Time Variation in High-Mobility Massive MIMO","display_name":"Beamforming Network Optimization for Reducing Channel Time Variation in High-Mobility Massive MIMO","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964263863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2926464","mag":"2964263863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2019.2926464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2926464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082680860","display_name":"Yinghao Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-6530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yinghao Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-6530","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026374722","display_name":"Weile Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-0389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weile Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-0389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050402661","display_name":"Feifei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101557082","display_name":"Shun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-0771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-0771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001706958","display_name":"Xiaoli Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-2589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082680860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88721449,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"10","first_page":"6781","last_page":"6795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7896606922149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.679216742515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5812599062919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.5629786252975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48772892355918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4626534581184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4619709551334381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4356091320514679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.4273911118507385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.41589587926864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3363293409347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3189614415168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2187577188014984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20354533195495605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7896606922149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.679216742515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5812599062919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.5629786252975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48772892355918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4626534581184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4619709551334381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4356091320514679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.4273911118507385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.41589587926864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3363293409347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3189614415168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2187577188014984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20354533195495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2019.2926464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2926464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6421388249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8852596463","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671366","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151604921","https://openalex.org/W1507970772","https://openalex.org/W1969854794","https://openalex.org/W1995637134","https://openalex.org/W2051952673","https://openalex.org/W2081810940","https://openalex.org/W2100162284","https://openalex.org/W2102679971","https://openalex.org/W2109018787","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2124863351","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2129506838","https://openalex.org/W2132305759","https://openalex.org/W2139697822","https://openalex.org/W2139794367","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2142015064","https://openalex.org/W2165518466","https://openalex.org/W2169790383","https://openalex.org/W2192929927","https://openalex.org/W2293182310","https://openalex.org/W2508720818","https://openalex.org/W2514394297","https://openalex.org/W2540423913","https://openalex.org/W2584608590","https://openalex.org/W2604152202","https://openalex.org/W2608083159","https://openalex.org/W2608816620","https://openalex.org/W2612561238","https://openalex.org/W2753663361","https://openalex.org/W2769043969","https://openalex.org/W2782637457","https://openalex.org/W2883176304","https://openalex.org/W2891207822","https://openalex.org/W3098350033","https://openalex.org/W3104675699","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W3125488942","https://openalex.org/W4212888567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281688526","https://openalex.org/W2152088989","https://openalex.org/W2756419127","https://openalex.org/W3141240674","https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2744170735","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W4223416141","https://openalex.org/W2546639359","https://openalex.org/W1922070205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Communications":[0],"in":[1,76,226],"high-mobility":[2],"environments":[3],"have":[4],"received":[5],"a":[6,38,43,87,130,134,171,227],"lot":[7],"of":[8,129,142,151,160,193,244],"attention":[9],"recently.":[10],"In":[11,198],"this":[12,199],"paper,":[13],"fast":[14],"time-varying":[15],"channels":[16],"for":[17,34],"massive":[18],"multiple-input":[19],"multiple-output":[20],"(MIMO)":[21],"systems":[22],"are":[23,232],"addressed.":[24],"We":[25],"derive":[26,103],"the":[27,35,52,69,77,97,104,108,113,119,127,140,147,154,158,161,166,181,187,201,211,221,237,242,245],"exact":[28],"channel":[29,53,98,105,115,120,213,238],"power":[30],"spectrum":[31],"density":[32],"(PSD)":[33],"uplink":[36],"from":[37],"high-speed":[39],"railway":[40],"(HSR)":[41],"to":[42,49,71,95,111,179,234],"base":[44],"station":[45],"(BS)":[46],"and":[47,101,107,133,145,175,241],"propose":[48],"further":[50,209],"reduce":[51],"time":[54,99,116,214],"variation":[55],"via":[56],"beamforming":[57,162,182,246],"network":[58,247],"optimization.":[59],"A":[60],"large-scale":[61],"uniform":[62],"linear":[63],"array":[64,143],"(ULA)":[65],"is":[66,146,224],"equipped":[67],"at":[68],"HSR":[70],"separate":[72],"multiple":[73],"Doppler":[74,89,109,203,222],"shifts":[75,204],"angle":[78],"domain":[79],"through":[80],"high-resolution":[81],"transmit":[82],"beamforming.":[83],"Each":[84],"branch":[85],"comprises":[86],"dominant":[88],"shift,":[90],"which":[91],"can":[92,122,205],"be":[93,123,206],"compensated":[94],"suppress":[96],"variation,":[100],"we":[102,169],"PSD":[106,121,167,239],"spread":[110,223],"assess":[112],"residual":[114,202,212],"variation.":[117,215],"Interestingly,":[118],"exactly":[124],"expressed":[125],"as":[126],"product":[128],"pattern":[131,150],"function":[132],"beam-distortion":[135],"function.":[136],"The":[137,216],"former":[138],"reflects":[139],"impact":[141],"aperture":[144],"converted":[148],"radiation":[149],"ULA,":[152],"while":[153],"latter":[155],"depends":[156],"on":[157],"configuration":[159],"directions.":[163],"Inspired":[164],"by":[165,184],"analysis,":[168],"introduce":[170],"common":[172],"configurable":[173],"amplitudes":[174],"phases":[176],"(CCAP)":[177],"parameter":[178,219],"optimize":[180],"network,":[183],"partly":[185],"removing":[186],"constant":[188],"modulus":[189],"quantized":[190],"phase":[191],"constraints":[192],"matched":[194],"filter":[195],"(MF)":[196],"beamformers.":[197],"way,":[200],"ulteriorly":[207],"suppressed,":[208],"reducing":[210],"optimal":[217],"CCAP":[218],"minimizing":[220],"derived":[225],"closed":[228],"form.":[229],"Numerical":[230],"results":[231],"provided":[233],"corroborate":[235],"both":[236],"analysis":[240],"superiority":[243],"optimization":[248],"technique.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
