{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946801212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2918324","title":"Level Crossing Rate and Average Outage Duration of Free Space Optical Links","display_name":"Level Crossing Rate and Average Outage Duration of Free Space Optical Links","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946801212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2918324","mag":"2946801212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2019.2918324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2918324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011406516","display_name":"Chaouki Ben Issaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-8168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chaouki Ben Issaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011406516"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3845,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89077377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"9","first_page":"6234","last_page":"6242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-crossing","display_name":"Level crossing","score":0.6490923762321472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.5282608270645142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","score":0.5201950073242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.43799370527267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.43077442049980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.42665165662765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outage-probability","display_name":"Outage probability","score":0.41138243675231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40328386425971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.36962413787841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35355764627456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.33590397238731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28942760825157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14328083395957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.10127589106559753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1975866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171448","display_name":"Level crossing","level":2,"score":0.6490923762321472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.5282608270645142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5201950073242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.43799370527267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43077442049980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.42665165662765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.41138243675231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40328386425971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.36962413787841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35355764627456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33590397238731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28942760825157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14328083395957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.10127589106559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2019.2918324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2918324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/655891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/655891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5385558","https://openalex.org/W6057515","https://openalex.org/W140199503","https://openalex.org/W1510331559","https://openalex.org/W1601547639","https://openalex.org/W1961845250","https://openalex.org/W1973323421","https://openalex.org/W2095354705","https://openalex.org/W2095836448","https://openalex.org/W2097961969","https://openalex.org/W2119683335","https://openalex.org/W2120448104","https://openalex.org/W2120827491","https://openalex.org/W2124440862","https://openalex.org/W2137348941","https://openalex.org/W2138825100","https://openalex.org/W2144530859","https://openalex.org/W2167951273","https://openalex.org/W2201927181","https://openalex.org/W2502081368","https://openalex.org/W2585107091","https://openalex.org/W2692165502","https://openalex.org/W2741318886","https://openalex.org/W2791690154","https://openalex.org/W2799993514","https://openalex.org/W2801179766","https://openalex.org/W2963250023","https://openalex.org/W3113221786","https://openalex.org/W4256330275","https://openalex.org/W4300223101","https://openalex.org/W6747401331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001881550","https://openalex.org/W4307466823","https://openalex.org/W4323644463","https://openalex.org/W174954854","https://openalex.org/W3212839496","https://openalex.org/W2374479570","https://openalex.org/W2362925333","https://openalex.org/W1487975641","https://openalex.org/W2040876394","https://openalex.org/W2038016357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"level":[1],"crossing":[2],"rate":[3],"(LCR)":[4],"and":[5,55,65,74,82,104],"the":[6,23,26,39,49,72,75,78,88,98,101,107],"average":[7],"outage":[8],"duration":[9],"(AOD)":[10],"are":[11,94],"two":[12,115],"important":[13],"second":[14],"order":[15,36],"statistics":[16],"that":[17],"allow":[18],"a":[19,66],"deeper":[20],"understanding":[21],"of":[22,25,41,51,100,109],"behavior":[24],"channel.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"we":[31,61],"study":[32,106],"these":[33,114],"metrics":[34],"in":[35,48,77,87],"to":[37,96,105],"assess":[38],"performance":[40,116],"free":[42],"space":[43],"optical":[44],"(FSO)":[45],"communication":[46],"links":[47],"presence":[50],"weak":[52],"atmospheric":[53],"turbulence":[54],"rice-induced":[56],"pointing":[57],"errors.":[58],"More":[59],"specifically,":[60],"derive":[62],"an":[63],"integral":[64],"Gauss-Laguerre":[67],"quadrature":[68],"representation":[69],"for":[70,83],"both":[71],"LCR":[73],"AOD":[76],"single":[79],"hop":[80],"case":[81],"their":[84],"respective":[85],"bounds":[86],"multihop":[89],"case.":[90],"Selected":[91],"numerical":[92],"simulations":[93],"presented":[95],"show":[97],"accuracy":[99],"derived":[102],"results":[103],"effect":[108],"certain":[110],"system":[111],"parameters":[112],"on":[113],"metrics.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-05-29T00:00:00"}