{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898310594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2018.2877326","title":"Managing Vertical Handovers in Millimeter Wave Heterogeneous Networks","display_name":"Managing Vertical Handovers in Millimeter Wave Heterogeneous Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898310594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2018.2877326","mag":"2898310594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2018.2877326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2018.2877326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053993919","display_name":"Shizhe Zang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-378X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shizhe Zang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-378X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035549916","display_name":"Wei Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1874-1766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1874-1766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064721659","display_name":"Phee Lep Yeoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-4226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phee Lep Yeoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-4226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043371405","display_name":"Branka Vucetic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2700-2001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Branka Vucetic","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448724","display_name":"Yonghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9138,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94287203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"2","first_page":"1629","last_page":"1644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7373145818710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7348812818527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.7343857884407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.6568483114242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5600681900978088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.552394449710846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.44130876660346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.43776342272758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.41759756207466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.32413092255592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.30474379658699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.3002394139766693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.2439015805721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20072972774505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09596052765846252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7373145818710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7348812818527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.7343857884407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.6568483114242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5600681900978088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.552394449710846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.44130876660346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.43776342272758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.41759756207466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.32413092255592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30474379658699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.3002394139766693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2439015805721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20072972774505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09596052765846252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2018.2877326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2018.2877326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649405668","https://openalex.org/W1580745541","https://openalex.org/W1626398438","https://openalex.org/W1917463349","https://openalex.org/W2009447832","https://openalex.org/W2073252511","https://openalex.org/W2103179464","https://openalex.org/W2110520460","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2119567691","https://openalex.org/W2127308692","https://openalex.org/W2136317921","https://openalex.org/W2167587495","https://openalex.org/W2187752727","https://openalex.org/W2287503382","https://openalex.org/W2295761692","https://openalex.org/W2334782222","https://openalex.org/W2519525439","https://openalex.org/W2563749778","https://openalex.org/W2575875755","https://openalex.org/W2620810033","https://openalex.org/W2754103800","https://openalex.org/W2783539052","https://openalex.org/W2788993173","https://openalex.org/W2789328094","https://openalex.org/W2796304624","https://openalex.org/W2962819920","https://openalex.org/W2962859547","https://openalex.org/W2963720901","https://openalex.org/W2964066774","https://openalex.org/W3098450357","https://openalex.org/W3101873462","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6636500457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055980265","https://openalex.org/W2096223912","https://openalex.org/W2027701282","https://openalex.org/W2242409295","https://openalex.org/W2034092031","https://openalex.org/W2170784822","https://openalex.org/W2113107671","https://openalex.org/W2498747238","https://openalex.org/W2148755080","https://openalex.org/W2129068897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"promising":[1],"solution":[2],"to":[3,30,68],"address":[4],"the":[5,13,32,70,87,107,111,115,141,158,170,183,200],"spectrum":[6],"shortage":[7],"in":[8,76,101],"5G":[9],"cellular":[10],"systems":[11],"is":[12,29,157,169],"deployment":[14],"of":[15,74,110,124,160,172,185],"millimeter":[16],"wave":[17],"(mmWave)":[18],"heterogeneous":[19],"networks":[20],"(HetNets).":[21],"However,":[22],"a":[23,55,63],"key":[24],"challenge":[25],"for":[26,175],"mmWave":[27,38,77,102,125,176],"HetNets":[28],"manage":[31],"user":[33],"mobility":[34,82],"and":[35,45,85,93,98,163,194],"handovers":[36,92],"among":[37],"small":[39,103],"cells":[40],"exploiting":[41,120],"highly":[42],"directional":[43],"antennas":[44],"conventional":[46],"microwave":[47],"macro":[48],"cells.":[49,104],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53,113],"propose":[54],"new":[56],"efficient":[57],"handover":[58,122,136],"decision":[59,137],"algorithm":[60,89,138,188],"based":[61],"on":[62],"Markov":[64],"Decision":[65],"Process":[66],"(MDP)":[67],"optimize":[69],"overall":[71],"service":[72],"experience":[73],"users":[75],"HetNets.":[78,126],"By":[79],"utilizing":[80],"user's":[81],"information":[83],"(velocity":[84],"location),":[86],"proposed":[88,135,187],"avoids":[90],"excessive":[91],"effectively":[94],"tackles":[95],"beamforming":[96],"misalignments,":[97],"signal":[99],"blockages":[100],"To":[105],"improve":[106],"computational":[108,142,197],"efficiency":[109],"MDP,":[112],"apply":[114],"action":[116],"elimination":[117],"method":[118],"by":[119,144],"unique":[121],"properties":[123],"While":[127],"maintaining":[128],"optimality,":[129],"theoretical":[130],"analysis":[131],"shows":[132],"that":[133],"our":[134,186],"can":[139],"reduce":[140],"complexity":[143,198],"0.25M|B":[145],"<sub":[146,165],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[147,166],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">s</sub>":[148,167],"|":[149,168],"+":[150],"0.25M/(M":[151],"-":[152],"1)":[153],"times,":[154],"where":[155],"M":[156],"number":[159,171],"base":[161],"stations":[162],"|B":[164],"beamwidth":[173],"options":[174],"beamforming.":[177],"Mobility-trace":[178],"driven":[179],"numerical":[180],"results":[181],"demonstrate":[182],"optimality":[184],"compared":[189],"with":[190],"other":[191],"benchmark":[192],"schemes":[193],"its":[195],"low":[196],"over":[199],"traditional":[201],"approach.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
