{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2621554139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2017.2712720","title":"Differential Quadrature Spatial Modulation","display_name":"Differential Quadrature Spatial Modulation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2621554139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2017.2712720","mag":"2621554139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2017.2712720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2017.2712720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066322563","display_name":"Raed Mesleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-2816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230091363","display_name":"German Jordanian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgpyd84","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raed Mesleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-2816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050356326","display_name":"Saud Althunibat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-5007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100086675","display_name":"Al-Hussein Bin Talal University","ror":"https://ror.org/019dkd780","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100086675"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saud Althunibat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma\u2019an, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma\u2019an, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100086675"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012850481","display_name":"Abdelhamid Younis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2499-8536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31439502","display_name":"University of Benghazi","ror":"https://ror.org/03fh7t044","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelhamid Younis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2499-8536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95392277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"9","first_page":"3810","last_page":"3817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.5424841046333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.5387770533561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","score":0.5349207520484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5104924440383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation-diagram","display_name":"Constellation diagram","score":0.4755411148071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.4558781683444977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.445972740650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.437834769487381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.41433754563331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.4104149341583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39372575283050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3847229778766632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3740665316581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.35626882314682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.21741414070129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19758746027946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18686342239379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1858064830303192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.10096186399459839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.5424841046333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.5387770533561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5349207520484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5104924440383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.4755411148071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4558781683444977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.445972740650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.437834769487381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.41433754563331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.4104149341583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39372575283050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3847229778766632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3740665316581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.35626882314682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.21741414070129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19758746027946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18686342239379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1858064830303192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.10096186399459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2017.2712720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2017.2712720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509988829","https://openalex.org/W1971549192","https://openalex.org/W1976095970","https://openalex.org/W1996130034","https://openalex.org/W1998074259","https://openalex.org/W2029262884","https://openalex.org/W2034084319","https://openalex.org/W2034717085","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2056295638","https://openalex.org/W2101290129","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2105572715","https://openalex.org/W2110494871","https://openalex.org/W2125669974","https://openalex.org/W2128831930","https://openalex.org/W2131994182","https://openalex.org/W2152670498","https://openalex.org/W2152692275","https://openalex.org/W2156336894","https://openalex.org/W2157506678","https://openalex.org/W2163504740","https://openalex.org/W2172081628","https://openalex.org/W2295559644","https://openalex.org/W2334570067","https://openalex.org/W2344065342","https://openalex.org/W2344487751","https://openalex.org/W2348793629","https://openalex.org/W2401284221","https://openalex.org/W2461278549","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W2520438672","https://openalex.org/W2526778046","https://openalex.org/W2568106302","https://openalex.org/W2582220099","https://openalex.org/W2585993022","https://openalex.org/W2963170755","https://openalex.org/W3105827742","https://openalex.org/W4245808720","https://openalex.org/W4256217385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137781708","https://openalex.org/W2350210624","https://openalex.org/W2776889143","https://openalex.org/W2355206389","https://openalex.org/W3145176641","https://openalex.org/W1898157940","https://openalex.org/W4386417704","https://openalex.org/W2164908304","https://openalex.org/W3139451426","https://openalex.org/W2116394319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quadrature":[0],"spatial":[1,21,25,88],"modulation":[2,26,97],"(QSM)":[3],"is":[4,46,62,114,135],"a":[5,107,125,164],"recent":[6],"multiple":[7,9],"input":[8],"output":[10],"transmission":[11,112],"scheme":[12],"that":[13],"attracted":[14],"significant":[15],"research":[16],"interest.":[17],"QSM":[18,44,65,91],"expands":[19],"the":[20,30,50,56,69,74,111,131],"constellation":[22],"diagram":[23],"of":[24,52,68,90,110,119,133,167],"(SM)":[27],"to":[28,48,94,139,160,169],"enhance":[29],"overall":[31],"spectral":[32],"efficiency":[33],"while":[34,100],"retaining":[35],"all":[36],"SM":[37,145],"inherent":[38],"advantages.":[39],"In":[40,105],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"differential":[43,96,144,147],"(DQSM)":[45],"proposed":[47],"alleviate":[49],"requirement":[51],"channel":[53,60,79],"knowledge":[54,61],"at":[55],"receiver":[57],"side.":[58],"Receiver":[59],"crucial":[63],"in":[64,73],"as":[66,152],"part":[67],"data":[70],"are":[71,92,158],"encoded":[72],"Euclidean":[75],"difference":[76],"among":[77],"different":[78,174],"paths.":[80],"Time":[81],"dimension":[82],"and":[83,86,98,121,137,146,155,172],"orthogonal":[84],"in-phase":[85],"quadrature":[87],"dimensions":[89],"exploited":[93],"facilitate":[95],"demodulation":[99],"maintaining":[101],"single":[102],"RF-chain":[103],"transmitters.":[104],"addition,":[106],"systematic":[108],"design":[109],"blocks":[113],"provided":[115],"for":[116,129,143,173],"arbitrary":[117],"number":[118],"transmit":[120],"receive":[122],"antennas.":[123],"Besides,":[124],"novel":[126],"analytical":[127],"framework":[128],"analyzing":[130],"performance":[132,142],"DQSM":[134],"derived":[136],"shown":[138,159],"predict":[140],"accurate":[141],"space":[148],"shift":[149],"keying":[150],"systems":[151],"well.":[153],"Analytical":[154],"simulation":[156],"results":[157],"match":[161],"closely":[162],"over":[163],"wide":[165],"range":[166],"signal":[168],"noise":[170],"ratios":[171],"system":[175],"parameters.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}