{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2547095175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2016.2625794","title":"A Novel Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm With Unified Analog Beamforming by Subspace Construction Based on Partial CSI for Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems","display_name":"A Novel Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm With Unified Analog Beamforming by Subspace Construction Based on Partial CSI for Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2547095175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2016.2625794","mag":"2547095175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2016.2625794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2016.2625794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108403543","display_name":"Dengkui Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengkui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["RF DSP Inc., Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RF DSP Inc., Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772374","display_name":"Boyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-8943"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["RF DSP Inc., Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-8943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RF DSP Inc., Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111448831","display_name":"Ping Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["RF DSP Inc., Irvine, CA, USA","University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RF DSP Inc., Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95955462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"2","first_page":"594","last_page":"607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.7741298079490662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7481814622879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7231340408325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo-ofdm","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","score":0.6707407236099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duplex","display_name":"Duplex (building)","score":0.5924570560455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wsdma","display_name":"WSDMA","score":0.5876133441925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5642654299736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5410038828849792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49998903274536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.48332953453063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.47423049807548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.42849355936050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30119621753692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2886732518672943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.2714841961860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2318314015865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0680573582649231}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7741298079490662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7481814622879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7231340408325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988271","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","level":4,"score":0.6707407236099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99611785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453233","display_name":"Duplex (building)","level":3,"score":0.5924570560455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57466844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7955559","display_name":"WSDMA","level":5,"score":0.5876133441925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5642654299736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5410038828849792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49998903274536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89061704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5555726","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.48332953453063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.47423049807548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.42849355936050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30119621753692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2886732518672943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.2714841961860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2318314015865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0680573582649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2016.2625794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2016.2625794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332550","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39337161","https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W597395834","https://openalex.org/W1526318555","https://openalex.org/W1533172747","https://openalex.org/W1538083016","https://openalex.org/W1590582473","https://openalex.org/W1594563152","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W1966809636","https://openalex.org/W2015301486","https://openalex.org/W2035469609","https://openalex.org/W2036030019","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2084304524","https://openalex.org/W2091012876","https://openalex.org/W2091706746","https://openalex.org/W2103749601","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2134070580","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2145013959","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2151795416","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2276208564","https://openalex.org/W2510675935","https://openalex.org/W2949977345","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6680021679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890717620","https://openalex.org/W2383407826","https://openalex.org/W2278470841","https://openalex.org/W2912338760","https://openalex.org/W2166079472","https://openalex.org/W2895818696","https://openalex.org/W2117468794","https://openalex.org/W4360994276","https://openalex.org/W2541257977","https://openalex.org/W2613992362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"beamforming":[1,47],"(HB)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"studied":[6],"for":[7,93],"reducing":[8],"the":[9,43,82,147,161,166,183],"number":[10,114],"of":[11,40,56,88,104,115,124,160],"costly":[12],"radio":[13],"frequency":[14,61],"(RF)":[15],"chains":[16,117],"in":[17,59,63,98,180,193],"massive":[18,95,190],"multiple-input":[19],"multiple-output":[20],"(MIMO)":[21],"systems.":[22],"However,":[23],"previous":[24],"works":[25],"on":[26,81,138],"HB":[27,75,108],"are":[28],"limited":[29],"to":[30,53,100,145,189],"a":[31,37,73,94,111,130],"single":[32,38],"user":[33],"equipment":[34],"(UE)":[35],"or":[36],"group":[39],"UEs,":[41],"employing":[42],"frequency-flat":[44],"first-level":[45],"analog":[46],"(AB)":[48],"that":[49],"cannot":[50],"be":[51,175,187],"applied":[52,188],"multiple":[54,102],"groups":[55,103],"UEs":[57,90],"served":[58],"different":[60],"resources":[62],"an":[64],"orthogonal":[65],"frequency-division":[66,198],"multiplexing":[67],"(OFDM)":[68],"system.":[69],"In":[70,128],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"novel":[74,131],"algorithm":[76,136],"with":[77,110],"unified":[78],"AB":[79],"based":[80,137],"spatial":[83],"covariance":[84],"matrix":[85],"(SCM)":[86],"knowledge":[87],"all":[89],"is":[91,143],"proposed":[92,107,144,151,167,184],"MIMO-OFDM":[96,191],"system":[97],"order":[99],"support":[101],"UEs.":[105],"The":[106,150],"method":[109,153],"much":[112],"smaller":[113],"RF":[116],"can":[118,154,174,186],"achieve":[119],"more":[120,156],"than":[121,157],"95%":[122],"performance":[123,159],"full":[125],"digital":[126],"beamforming.":[127],"addition,":[129],"practical":[132],"subspace":[133],"construction":[134],"(SC)":[135],"partial":[139],"channel":[140],"state":[141],"information":[142],"estimate":[146],"required":[148],"SCM.":[149],"SC":[152],"offer":[155],"97%":[158],"perfect":[162],"SCM":[163],"case.":[164],"With":[165],"methods,":[168],"significant":[169],"cost":[170],"and":[171,197],"power":[172],"savings":[173],"achieved":[176],"without":[177],"large":[178],"loss":[179],"performance.":[181],"Furthermore,":[182],"methods":[185],"systems":[192],"both":[194],"time-division":[195],"duplex":[196],"duplex.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}