{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1909604880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2015.2504508","title":"Permutation Trellis Coded Multi-Level FSK Signaling to Mitigate Primary User Interference in Cognitive Radio Networks","display_name":"Permutation Trellis Coded Multi-Level FSK Signaling to Mitigate Primary User Interference in Cognitive Radio Networks","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1909604880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2015.2504508","mag":"1909604880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2015.2504508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2015.2504508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.0259","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083293342","display_name":"Raghed El-Bardan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghed El-Bardan","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031876366","display_name":"Engin Ma\u015fazade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-2378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100072489","display_name":"Yeditepe University","ror":"https://ror.org/025mx2575","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100072489"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Engin Masazade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100072489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101674748","display_name":"Onur \u00d6zdemir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-2804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151392","display_name":"Boston Fusion (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05ayy0v22","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onur Ozdemir","raw_affiliation_strings":[", Boston Fusion Corporation, Lexington, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", Boston Fusion Corporation, Lexington, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023807587","display_name":"Yunghsiang S. Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-1681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunghsiang S. Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Department of Electrical Engineering, National-Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical Engineering, National-Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018292481","display_name":"Pramod K. Varshney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-5088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramod K. Varshney","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05618577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"1","first_page":"104","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6997156739234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.6720520257949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-shift-keying","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","score":0.6526410579681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5470635890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5086575150489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.45512884855270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4473518431186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viterbi-decoder","display_name":"Viterbi decoder","score":0.43783149123191833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3599013686180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28377965092658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.26937010884284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22299891710281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15177351236343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.13968172669410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.1342383623123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.13080787658691406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6997156739234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.6720520257949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163996819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166054","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.6526410579681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5470635890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5086575150489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.45512884855270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4473518431186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117379686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6996459","display_name":"Viterbi decoder","level":3,"score":0.43783149123191833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3599013686180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28377965092658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.26937010884284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22299891710281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15177351236343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.13968172669410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.1342383623123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.13080787658691406}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2015.2504508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2015.2504508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1408.0259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1408.0259","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.0259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1909604880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.0259.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.756.9188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.756.9188","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.0259.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1408.0259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1408.0259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1408.0259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1408.0259","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.0259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3006427632","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSC99","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","funder_display_name":"National Science Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8998972907","display_name":"Research on Target Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Error Correcting Codes","funder_award_id":"NSC102-2221-E011-006-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309532","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1534925464","https://openalex.org/W1688906656","https://openalex.org/W1978042475","https://openalex.org/W2015783396","https://openalex.org/W2018158229","https://openalex.org/W2019707189","https://openalex.org/W2038612521","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2084436032","https://openalex.org/W2084665924","https://openalex.org/W2091101107","https://openalex.org/W2100338777","https://openalex.org/W2105320639","https://openalex.org/W2107288243","https://openalex.org/W2112336413","https://openalex.org/W2113439409","https://openalex.org/W2120923854","https://openalex.org/W2135512801","https://openalex.org/W2135849537","https://openalex.org/W2138229782","https://openalex.org/W2139369892","https://openalex.org/W2144369278","https://openalex.org/W2155798828","https://openalex.org/W2164402548","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2171671264","https://openalex.org/W2484502557","https://openalex.org/W2610335499","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W4256335044","https://openalex.org/W6637214228","https://openalex.org/W6677732590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037614903","https://openalex.org/W1968172594","https://openalex.org/W2040812804","https://openalex.org/W3103721439","https://openalex.org/W2766527631","https://openalex.org/W2092525231","https://openalex.org/W1555887429","https://openalex.org/W2392966853","https://openalex.org/W2027166803","https://openalex.org/W2088470985","https://openalex.org/W2918705606","https://openalex.org/W2544884186","https://openalex.org/W3009487932","https://openalex.org/W2509218946","https://openalex.org/W2035967315","https://openalex.org/W2026412474","https://openalex.org/W2551547482","https://openalex.org/W2097677664","https://openalex.org/W2088792588","https://openalex.org/W2799857121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,91],"employ":[1],"Permutation":[2],"Trellis":[3],"Code":[4],"(PTC)":[5],"based":[6,54],"multi-level":[7,62],"Frequency":[8],"Shift":[9],"Keying":[10],"signaling":[11],"to":[12,36,157],"mitigate":[13],"the":[14,21,56,100,109,129,144,160],"impact":[15],"of":[16,23,58,108,121,146,154,162],"Primary":[17],"Users":[18,25],"(PUs)":[19],"on":[20,55],"performance":[22,94,117],"Secondary":[24],"(SUs)":[26],"in":[27,39,119,143,159],"Cognitive":[28],"Radio":[29],"Networks":[30],"(CRNs).":[31],"The":[32,125],"PUs":[33],"are":[34],"assumed":[35],"be":[37],"dynamic":[38,164],"that":[40,66,128,138],"they":[41],"appear":[42],"intermittently":[43],"and":[44,84,112,123,150],"stay":[45],"active":[46],"for":[47,89,99],"an":[48,67,97],"unknown":[49],"duration.":[50],"Our":[51],"approach":[52],"is":[53],"use":[57],"PTC":[59],"combined":[60],"with":[61],"FSK":[63],"modulation":[64],"so":[65],"SU":[68,155],"can":[69],"improve":[70],"its":[71,76],"data":[72],"rate":[73],"by":[74,95,136],"increasing":[75],"transmission":[77],"bandwidth":[78],"while":[79],"operating":[80],"at":[81],"low":[82],"power":[83],"not":[85],"creating":[86],"destructive":[87],"interference":[88,149,158],"PUs.":[90,165],"evaluate":[92],"system":[93,132],"obtaining":[96],"approximation":[98],"actual":[101],"Bit":[102],"Error":[103],"Rate":[104],"(BER)":[105],"using":[106],"properties":[107],"Viterbi":[110],"decoder":[111],"carry":[113],"out":[114],"a":[115],"thorough":[116],"analysis":[118],"terms":[120],"BER":[122],"throughput.":[124],"results":[126],"show":[127],"proposed":[130],"coded":[131],"achieves":[133],"i)":[134],"robustness":[135],"ensuring":[137],"SUs":[139],"have":[140],"stable":[141],"throughput":[142],"presence":[145,161],"heavy":[147],"PU":[148],"ii)":[151],"improved":[152],"resiliency":[153],"links":[156],"multiple":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T07:41:36.138363","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}