{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068624030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2014.2318052","title":"Design and Analysis of Multi-Level Physical-Layer Network Coding for Gaussian Two-Way Relay Channels","display_name":"Design and Analysis of Multi-Level Physical-Layer Network Coding for Gaussian Two-Way Relay Channels","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068624030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2014.2318052","mag":"2068624030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2014.2318052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2014.2318052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370061","display_name":"Zhiyong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3540-389X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Wireless Communications Technology (IWCT), Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Dept of Electron. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Wireless Communications Technology (IWCT), Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electron. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085292302","display_name":"Bin Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-5765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Wireless Communications Technology (IWCT), Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Dept of Electron. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Wireless Communications Technology (IWCT), Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electron. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082226492","display_name":"Zixia Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19268510","display_name":"Qualcomm (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04d3djg48","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19268510","https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixia Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm, San Jose, CA, USA","[Qualcomm, San Jose, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Qualcomm, San Jose, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19268510"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387660","display_name":"Hui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-8217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Wireless Communications Technology (IWCT), Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Dept of Electron. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Wireless Communications Technology (IWCT), Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electron. Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100370061"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210153300"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96167834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"6","first_page":"1803","last_page":"1817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.7489712238311768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6922219395637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-network-coding","display_name":"Linear network coding","score":0.6269937753677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6207736134529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5708907246589661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5550343990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5411692261695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay-channel","display_name":"Relay channel","score":0.5136680006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4665144681930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.45784705877304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4464190602302551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4449220299720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4352743327617645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.41792070865631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4148585796356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25953853130340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.21488365530967712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21404609084129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1121147871017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.09647151827812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09249696135520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.08474195003509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08426764607429504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.7489712238311768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6922219395637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138293262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089578","display_name":"Linear network coding","level":3,"score":0.6269937753677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6207736134529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5708907246589661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5550343990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5411692261695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46257984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310895","display_name":"Relay channel","level":4,"score":0.5136680006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4665144681930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.45784705877304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4464190602302551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4449220299720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4352743327617645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41792070865631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4148585796356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25953853130340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.21488365530967712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21404609084129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1121147871017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.09647151827812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09249696135520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.08474195003509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08426764607429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2014.2318052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2014.2318052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3455808316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012M520897","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4820352938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61301115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966155482","https://openalex.org/W1975099099","https://openalex.org/W1988598532","https://openalex.org/W1993944611","https://openalex.org/W2005196269","https://openalex.org/W2011066776","https://openalex.org/W2017096524","https://openalex.org/W2023864067","https://openalex.org/W2028667871","https://openalex.org/W2036793800","https://openalex.org/W2042557094","https://openalex.org/W2051013253","https://openalex.org/W2057929374","https://openalex.org/W2098192607","https://openalex.org/W2098470405","https://openalex.org/W2119665000","https://openalex.org/W2119676644","https://openalex.org/W2121562120","https://openalex.org/W2122989348","https://openalex.org/W2127117141","https://openalex.org/W2131559343","https://openalex.org/W2134548741","https://openalex.org/W2138208223","https://openalex.org/W2147355810","https://openalex.org/W2148052743","https://openalex.org/W2164303861","https://openalex.org/W2164430794","https://openalex.org/W2167394661","https://openalex.org/W2169732368","https://openalex.org/W3099152093","https://openalex.org/W3100533420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039400905","https://openalex.org/W2379485241","https://openalex.org/W2162417007","https://openalex.org/W2019676264","https://openalex.org/W2436343200","https://openalex.org/W2741430322","https://openalex.org/W2010427154","https://openalex.org/W2144925985","https://openalex.org/W2532497620","https://openalex.org/W2048110069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,119],"propose":[4],"a":[5,24,144],"multi-level":[6],"physical-layer":[7],"network":[8,55],"coding":[9],"(MPLNC)":[10],"scheme":[11,32,105],"that":[12,76,141],"optimizes":[13],"the":[14,49,64,68,84,98,102,110,115,121,129,151],"relay":[15,27,50],"performance":[16,146],"for":[17,42,67,94,101,133],"both":[18,95],"symmetric":[19],"and":[20,48,73,114,124,137],"asymmetric":[21],"traffic":[22],"in":[23,148],"Gaussian":[25],"two-way":[26],"channel.":[28],"The":[29],"proposed":[30,103],"MPLNC":[31,77,104],"enables":[33],"each":[34,58],"source":[35],"to":[36,52,150],"employ":[37],"multiple":[38],"linear":[39],"binary":[40,88],"codes":[41],"encoding,":[43],"one":[44],"per":[45],"modulation":[46,59,155],"level,":[47],"node":[51],"decode":[53],"superimposed":[54],"codewords":[56],"at":[57],"level.":[60],"We":[61],"first":[62],"derive":[63,120],"achievable":[65,85],"rate":[66,86,111],"transmission":[69],"of":[70,128],"arbitrary":[71],"constellations":[72],"then":[74],"prove":[75],"with":[78],"multistage":[79],"decoding":[80],"(MPLNC/MSD)":[81],"can":[82],"achieve":[83],"if":[87],"code":[89],"rates":[90],"are":[91],"properly":[92],"chosen":[93],"sources.":[96],"Furthermore,":[97],"design":[99,112],"criteria":[100],"is":[106],"investigated,":[107],"which":[108],"includes":[109],"rule":[113],"labeling":[116],"strategy.":[117],"Moreover,":[118],"error":[122,131],"exponent":[123],"an":[125],"upper":[126],"bound":[127],"overall":[130],"probability":[132],"MPLNC.":[134],"Our":[135],"analysis":[136],"simulation":[138],"results":[139],"show":[140],"MPLNC/MSD":[142],"has":[143],"significant":[145],"advantage":[147],"comparison":[149],"existing":[152],"bit-interleaved":[153],"coded":[154],"(BICM)-based":[156],"PLNC":[157],"scheme.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}