{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157751064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.050812.110129","title":"The LLR Metric for q-ary LDPC Codes with MPSK Modulation over Rayleigh Channels with Imperfect CSI","display_name":"The LLR Metric for q-ary LDPC Codes with MPSK Modulation over Rayleigh Channels with Imperfect CSI","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157751064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.050812.110129","mag":"2157751064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2012.050812.110129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.050812.110129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008684838","display_name":"Haifeng Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8086-4217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083124337","display_name":"Pooi\u2010Yuen Kam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-5034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooi-Yuen Kam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008684838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4184,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8383715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"7","first_page":"1793","last_page":"1799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.6595572233200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6568571329116821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6450785994529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.6080580353736877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.572528600692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5175942182540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-code","display_name":"Turbo code","score":0.5125522613525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.476928174495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.45963698625564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.4394029378890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41888725757598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.38624608516693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.29506921768188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24040541052818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08461245894432068}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.6595572233200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6568571329116821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6450785994529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.6080580353736877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.572528600692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5175942182540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114504821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164281","display_name":"Turbo code","level":3,"score":0.5125522613525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.476928174495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.45963698625564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.4394029378890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41888725757598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.38624608516693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.29506921768188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24040541052818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08461245894432068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2012.050812.110129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.050812.110129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/57628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/57628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509428977","https://openalex.org/W2056414370","https://openalex.org/W2097975961","https://openalex.org/W2098513709","https://openalex.org/W2104653913","https://openalex.org/W2114647078","https://openalex.org/W2122607143","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2132705049","https://openalex.org/W2134576743","https://openalex.org/W2141081933","https://openalex.org/W2141191255","https://openalex.org/W2148643041","https://openalex.org/W2149959899","https://openalex.org/W2157461771","https://openalex.org/W2169203300","https://openalex.org/W2173776306","https://openalex.org/W4300188436","https://openalex.org/W6676704478","https://openalex.org/W6678839936","https://openalex.org/W6683112820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169710030","https://openalex.org/W2126543779","https://openalex.org/W2147429396","https://openalex.org/W2391555801","https://openalex.org/W2138537484","https://openalex.org/W1489774986","https://openalex.org/W2554782124","https://openalex.org/W2139813817","https://openalex.org/W2004825331","https://openalex.org/W2359770627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,24],"consider":[1],"the":[2,26,32,52,61,64,76,96,100,103,108],"iterative":[3,109],"decoding":[4,87,110],"of":[5,51,86,98,102],"low-density":[6],"parity-check":[7],"codes":[8],"with":[9,49],"M-ary":[10],"phase-shift":[11],"keying":[12],"transmission":[13],"and":[14,83],"pilot-symbol-assisted":[15],"channel":[16,65,104],"estimation":[17,66,105],"over":[18],"time":[19],"correlated":[20],"Rayleigh":[21],"fading":[22],"channels.":[23],"present":[25],"correct":[27],"conceptual":[28],"approach":[29],"for":[30,37,90],"deriving":[31],"log-likelihood":[33],"ratio":[34],"(LLR)":[35],"expression":[36],"a":[38],"general":[39],"q-ary":[40],"code.":[41],"Its":[42],"bit-error":[43],"probability":[44],"(BEP)":[45],"performance":[46],"is":[47],"compared":[48],"that":[50,71],"conventional":[53,77],"metric":[54,74,78],"which":[55],"does":[56],"not":[57],"take":[58],"into":[59],"account":[60],"information":[62],"concerning":[63],"accuracy.":[67],"Simulation":[68],"results":[69],"show":[70],"this":[72],"LLR":[73],"outperforms":[75],"in":[79,107],"both":[80],"BEP":[81],"performances":[82],"average":[84],"number":[85],"iterations":[88],"required":[89],"convergence.":[91],"The":[92],"work":[93],"here":[94],"demonstrates":[95],"importance":[97],"incorporating":[99],"knowledge":[101],"accuracy":[106],"process.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}